新版美国膳食指南：尽量在家做饭

Core Viewpoint - The new federal dietary guidelines emphasize cooking at home and avoiding highly processed foods, while supporting full-fat dairy and red meat, and significantly increasing protein intake recommendations [1][10]. Changes in the New Guidelines - The guidelines have undergone significant changes, with the new visual representation being an inverted "food pyramid," replacing the previous pyramid and plate models [4]. - The guidelines specifically advise against ultra-processed foods and encourage home cooking, highlighting the need to avoid high-sugar and high-salt packaged foods [7]. - The new recommendations suggest limiting added sugars to no more than 10 grams per meal and promote a protein intake of 1.2 to 1.6 grams per kilogram of body weight, up from the previous recommendation of 0.8 grams [10][11]. Support for Specific Food Groups - The updated guidelines favor whole-fat dairy products without added sugars and endorse red meat as a source of "nutrient-dense" protein [11]. - The guidelines continue to recommend fruits, vegetables, whole grains, poultry, seafood, and nuts as the foundation of a healthy diet [13]. Reactions to the New Guidelines - The American Medical Association (AMA) praised the guidelines for addressing the role of processed foods and sugary drinks in chronic diseases [17]. - Concerns were raised by experts like Dr. Walter Willett from Harvard regarding the potential encouragement of excessive red meat and dairy consumption, which may not align with optimal health or environmental sustainability [17]. - Dr. Dariush Mozaffarian from Tufts University echoed these concerns, noting that increased protein intake among Americans is often due to processed protein products rather than healthier sources [17].