半导体材料：电子特气的国产替代（附77页PPT）

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the industrial gas sector, focusing on the classification, applications, and market dynamics of bulk gases and specialty gases, particularly in the semiconductor industry, highlighting the increasing demand for high-purity electronic gases and the challenges faced by domestic companies in achieving technological advancements and market competitiveness [7][10][39]. Group 1: Industrial Gas Classification - Industrial gases are categorized into bulk gases and specialty gases based on purity and usage. Bulk gases are used in large quantities with purity levels less than or equal to 99.99% (4N), while specialty gases are used in specific applications requiring higher purity [7][9]. - Bulk gases include air separation gases (oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen) and synthetic gases (acetylene, carbon dioxide), which are essential in various industries such as metallurgy, chemical, and food processing [9][10]. Group 2: Applications of Specialty Gases - Specialty gases are critical in semiconductor manufacturing, particularly in processes like chemical vapor deposition (CVD), etching, and cleaning, where high purity and stability are paramount [12][16]. - The semiconductor industry accounts for 71% of the global demand for electronic specialty gases, with domestic demand in China at 42%, indicating a significant growth opportunity as the industry evolves [40][41]. Group 3: Market Dynamics and Challenges - The electronic specialty gas market is characterized by high entry barriers due to technological, certification, and qualification requirements, making it a capital-intensive and technically demanding industry [20][34]. - Domestic companies are actively pursuing research and development to achieve technological breakthroughs and reduce reliance on foreign suppliers, as many electronic specialty gases are still imported [23][39]. Group 4: Purity and Quality Requirements - The purity of specialty gases is a critical parameter, with requirements often reaching 5N to 6N (99.999% to 99.9999%), which significantly impacts the yield and performance of semiconductor products [25][32]. - The production process for high-purity gases involves complex techniques such as distillation and adsorption, which require advanced technology and expertise [27][29]. Group 5: Customer Relationships and Certification - The certification process for electronic specialty gases is lengthy, with strong customer loyalty due to the critical nature of these gases in production processes, leading to high switching costs for suppliers [30][33]. - Companies must navigate strict regulatory requirements and obtain various certifications to operate in the industrial gas sector, which adds to the complexity of market entry [35][36].