地球出现特大地磁暴

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the occurrence of an X1.9-class solar flare and its subsequent impact on Earth, including the emergence of geomagnetic storms and auroras in various regions of China [1][3]. Group 1: Solar Activity and Geomagnetic Storms - On January 19, 2026, a significant X1.9-class solar flare was recorded, marking the first occurrence of an X-class flare in 2026 [1]. - Following the solar flare, geomagnetic storms began on January 20, 2026, with reports of 6 hours of severe geomagnetic storms and 6 hours of moderate storms, which are still ongoing [3]. Group 2: Auroras and Observation Conditions - Northern regions of China have the opportunity to witness notable auroras, including the possibility of red-green composite auroras, due to favorable observation conditions during the winter season [4]. - The Daxing'anling area in Heilongjiang province experienced rare and beautiful auroras as a result of the geomagnetic storm [7]. Group 3: Impact of Geomagnetic Storms - Geomagnetic storms can disrupt shortwave communication and navigation systems across most regions of China [8]. - The storms cause disturbances in the ionosphere, affecting ground communication and satellite signals, which may impact the accuracy of navigation satellite systems and the quality of mobile and satellite TV signals [10]. - Strong geomagnetic storms can also affect power transmission systems, increasing current loads on transmission lines and potentially damaging transformers or other grid facilities, leading to power outages [11]. - While the impact on daily life and public health is minimal, strong geomagnetic activity may affect animal migration and navigation abilities, particularly for species that rely on solar and geomagnetic navigation [12].