世界核能协会：《2026世界核能展望报告》

Core Insights - The report from the World Nuclear Association (WNA) projects that global nuclear power capacity could reach 1446 GWe by 2050, significantly exceeding the COP28 target of approximately 1200 GWe, indicating a resurgence of nuclear energy in global climate strategies [5][6] - However, there exists a substantial gap between ambition and execution, with 542 GWe of the projected capacity relying solely on government targets without concrete project plans, highlighting a critical execution gap [5][6] Group 1: Ambition and Gaps - The report emphasizes that the projected 1446 GWe capacity includes a concerning 542 GWe from government targets that lack specific project planning, indicating over one-third of future growth is not backed by tangible projects [5][6] - In the U.S., ambitious goals of adding 200 GWe by 2050 face significant challenges due to a lack of ongoing projects and a disconnect between policy signals and market investment decisions [6] - In contrast, Asia, particularly China, India, and Russia, is expected to drive nuclear growth, with these countries projected to account for nearly 70% (approximately 980 GWe) of global capacity by 2050 [6][7] Group 2: Industrial Capacity Challenges - The report warns that to meet the 2050 targets, global nuclear construction must increase dramatically, requiring an annual capacity increase from 14.4 GWe (2026-2030) to 65.3 GWe (2046-2050), necessitating a fourfold increase in current construction capabilities [9] - Achieving this construction rate would require building approximately 40 to 50 large nuclear reactors annually, a pace not seen since the peak of the 1980s [9] - The report highlights the need for a comprehensive mobilization of the global nuclear supply chain, addressing shortages in skilled labor, engineering management, and regulatory efficiency [9][10] Group 3: Strategic Value of Existing Assets - Existing nuclear power plants are deemed valuable strategic assets, with the potential for long-term operation (LTO) extending their lifespan from 40 to 60 or even 80 years, contributing significantly to future capacity [11][12] - If existing reactors can be extended to 60 years, they could provide 189 GWe by 2050, and extending to 80 years could increase this to 213 GWe, making them a cost-effective source of low-carbon power [12] - The report criticizes policies that prematurely retire nuclear plants for non-technical reasons, viewing them as detrimental to climate goals and energy transition [12][13] Group 4: Financing and Policy Challenges - Financing remains a critical barrier to nuclear energy revival, with projects requiring significant upfront capital and facing challenges in securing funding in a high-interest environment [14][15] - The report notes a shift in financial sentiment, with major financial institutions beginning to express support for nuclear projects, indicating a growing recognition of nuclear energy's role in meeting future energy demands [15] - It calls for governments to reform electricity markets to acknowledge nuclear energy's system value, which includes its stability and energy security attributes, rather than solely focusing on kilowatt-hour pricing [15]