ICLR 2026 | Rebuttal 是一场「带着镣铐的舞蹈」？港科 RebuttalAgent 用心智理论「读懂」审稿人

Core Insights - The article discusses the introduction of a new framework called RebuttalAgent, which utilizes Theory of Mind (ToM) to enhance the effectiveness of academic rebuttals by AI, allowing it to understand reviewers' underlying intentions and generate persuasive responses [2][5][21]. Group 1: RebuttalAgent Framework - RebuttalAgent is designed to address the challenges faced by authors in responding to reviewers, particularly in understanding the implicit biases and knowledge gaps of reviewers [5][21]. - The framework operates through a three-step process: ToM (analyzing reviewer comments), Strategy (developing a response plan), and Response (crafting the final reply) [9][10][11]. - The model has been trained on a dataset called RebuttalBench, which contains over 70,000 high-quality "analysis-strategy-response" data chains to improve its performance [14]. Group 2: Performance Evaluation - RebuttalAgent has shown superior performance compared to other models, achieving an average score of 9.42 in a comprehensive evaluation, significantly outperforming GPT-4.1 and other baseline models [22][17]. - The model's ability to generate diverse and contextually appropriate responses has been enhanced through a diversity penalty mechanism, preventing it from relying on generic templates [22][21]. - In a specific evaluation, RebuttalAgent outperformed GPT-4.1 in terms of persuasiveness, indicating the effectiveness of incorporating Theory of Mind into the model [22][17]. Group 3: Practical Implications - RebuttalAgent serves as a strategic tool for authors, particularly those new to academia, helping them navigate the complexities of reviewer feedback and improve the clarity and constructiveness of academic dialogue [25][21]. - The framework aims to enhance academic communication by reducing misunderstandings caused by poor expression or lack of strategic communication, thereby fostering a more constructive dialogue between authors and reviewers [25][21].