从“十四五”17个重大专项，看质谱仪的三大趋势

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the evolution of domestic mass spectrometry technology in China during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, transitioning from addressing shortcomings to building modular capabilities, ultimately aiming to achieve "catching up" and "leading" in the field [1][2]. Group 1: Policy and Project Overview - A total of 26 mass spectrometry-related projects have been laid out under the "14th Five-Year Plan," with 16 officially approved and one pending approval for 2025 [2]. - The projects encompass the entire chain from the development of high-end mass spectrometers to breakthroughs in core components and methodological innovations, reflecting China's commitment to self-reliance and capability enhancement in mass spectrometry technology [2][5]. Group 2: Project Development Stages - In the initial phase (2021-2022), projects focused on improving overall machine performance, targeting key indicators such as high resolution and sensitivity, which have historically constrained domestic mass spectrometry development [4][5]. - The projects began to extend into cutting-edge life sciences, indicating early traction from application demands on instrument development [4][6]. Group 3: Mid-Term and Application Focus - By mid-term (2023), the application orientation of mass spectrometry projects significantly increased, with keywords like "single-cell" and "high-throughput analysis" indicating a shift towards higher spatial resolution and complex system quantification capabilities [6][7]. - The focus on engineering capabilities for high-end general scientific instruments and the autonomy of core components aims to reduce reliance on imports in the life sciences sector [6][9]. Group 4: Late-Term Trends and Future Directions - In the later phase (2024-2025), projects are increasingly aligned with current research and testing needs, such as nucleic acid mass spectrometry for public health and high molecular weight protein analysis for structural proteomics [8]. - The significant increase in projects led by enterprises reflects a transition from research validation to practical application, indicating a clear evolution in the mass spectrometry landscape [8][9]. - The planned high-performance chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis instrument for 2025 highlights a forward-looking approach to nurturing young scientific talent and ensuring future technological reserves [8].