美以联手打击伊朗后，欧洲多国表态不一

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the differing responses of European countries to the military actions taken by the US and Israel against Iran, highlighting a cautious and restrained approach from Europe amidst ongoing geopolitical tensions in the Middle East [3][4]. Group 1: European Responses - The UK, under Prime Minister Starmer, has stated it will not participate in offensive military actions against Iran, emphasizing the need for legal justification for any military involvement [3][10]. - France is prepared to assist Gulf nations and Jordan in defense against Iranian attacks, but stresses that military escalation must cease without clear objectives [5][7]. - Germany has ruled out participation in military actions against Iran, citing a lack of military resources in the Gulf region [7][8]. - Spain has explicitly refused to support US military actions against Iran, withdrawing military assets previously stationed there [7][8]. Group 2: Implications for US-UK Relations - The UK’s reluctance to engage in offensive actions against Iran has revealed cracks in the historically strong US-UK alliance, with former President Trump expressing disappointment over the UK's stance [10]. - Starmer's government has shifted to allow US forces to use UK military bases for defensive purposes, but maintains a defensive rather than offensive posture, marking a significant change from previous UK policies [10]. Group 3: Broader Geopolitical Context - The ongoing conflict in the Middle East, particularly the Iranian threat, poses direct risks to European interests, prompting a need for a unified response despite initial hesitance [4][6]. - The article notes that the situation remains fluid, with potential for further developments that could influence European military involvement [6].