破解分级诊疗难题：全国地市将推广建立转诊会诊中心

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes that graded diagnosis and treatment is a key measure to address the issue of "difficult access to medical care," with ongoing reforms aimed at optimizing the healthcare service system and further deepening these reforms [3]. Summary by Sections Graded Diagnosis and Treatment Reforms - The Chinese government has implemented a series of reforms to promote the construction of a graded diagnosis and treatment system, focusing on "strengthening grassroots, building mechanisms, sharing information, and adjusting payments" [3]. - The goal is to establish an orderly medical service pattern characterized by "primary diagnosis at the grassroots level, two-way referrals, separation of acute and chronic care, and vertical and horizontal coordination" [3]. Progress and Current Status - As of 2024, 81 cities have initiated pilot projects for tightly-knit urban medical groups, and 2,188 counties are advancing tightly-knit county medical communities, enhancing grassroots healthcare capabilities [4]. - Despite initial successes, there is a noted decline in the proportion of diagnoses conducted at grassroots medical institutions, dropping from 56.4% in 2015 to 52.1% in 2024 [6]. Challenges and Structural Issues - The decline in grassroots diagnosis is attributed to structural distortions in the existing medical system, where larger hospitals attract both patients and medical professionals, creating a "double siphon" effect [8]. - The article highlights the need for institutional reforms to ensure that small ailments are treated at the grassroots level, as demonstrated by the experience of Sanming City [8]. New Initiatives: Referral and Consultation Centers - The establishment of referral and consultation centers at the city level is proposed as a new approach to address the challenges of graded diagnosis and treatment [9]. - Pilot projects have already begun in some regions, such as Wuhu City, which has seen significant patient engagement and reduced costs for serious illnesses [10]. Future Outlook - With the gradual rollout of referral and consultation centers, the vertical flow of medical resources and horizontal collaboration is expected to improve, enhancing the attractiveness and capacity of grassroots primary care [11]. - The aim is to transform the vision of graded diagnosis and treatment into a tangible reality for the public, establishing a sustainable integrated healthcare service system [11].