说服成年人接种疫苗，还有哪些堵点？

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of adult vaccination in China, highlighting the shift from a child-centric immunization program to a life-cycle approach, while noting the challenges in public awareness and service delivery for adult vaccines [2][3]. Group 1: Current State of Adult Vaccination - China's vaccination system is transitioning to cover all age groups, with significant progress in adult vaccines like HPV and influenza, but there is still a lack of awareness regarding shingles vaccines [2]. - Adult vaccines currently used in China include measles-containing vaccines, hepatitis vaccines, encephalitis vaccines, influenza vaccines, pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines, varicella vaccines, shingles vaccines, cholera vaccines, HPV vaccines, rabies vaccines, tetanus vaccines, and COVID-19 vaccines [2]. Group 2: Challenges in Adult Vaccination - Most adult vaccines are not part of the national immunization program, leading to confusion among healthcare providers and the public regarding eligibility and contraindications [3]. - There is a lack of scientific understanding among grassroots health workers about adult vaccines, which, along with public misconceptions, hinders vaccination rates [3]. Group 3: Innovations in Vaccination Delivery - Some regions are piloting a vaccine prescription model, allowing healthcare professionals to prescribe vaccines based on individual health needs, which is seen as a key step towards integrating medical and preventive care [3]. - The National Disease Control Bureau has announced plans to explore vaccine prescriptions for suitable populations, with pilot programs already initiated in several provinces [3]. Group 4: Bottlenecks in Implementation - Despite positive pilot results in Shandong, challenges remain, including unclear vaccine definitions, difficulties in integrating disease control and clinical care systems, insufficient evidence-based support, and legal constraints on funding mechanisms [4][6]. - Experts suggest that legal and policy frameworks need to be revised to clarify vaccine definitions and establish a coordinated system between disease control and clinical practices [6]. Group 5: Recommendations for Improvement - To enhance the effectiveness of vaccine prescriptions, a multi-faceted approach is recommended, including building a reliable vaccine education system, incorporating prescription capabilities into healthcare performance assessments, and establishing mechanisms for prescription recognition between medical and vaccination services [6].