中小银行资本“嗷嗷待补”，代表委员建言专项债“自审自发”

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the urgent need for capital replenishment in small and medium-sized banks in China, highlighting the government's initiatives and suggestions from representatives during the National People's Congress to address this issue [4][5][7]. Group 1: Capital Replenishment Challenges - Small and medium-sized banks are facing significant pressure in capital replenishment, whether through internal or external methods, making it difficult to maintain adequate capital levels [5]. - As of the end of Q4 2025, the capital adequacy ratios for various types of banks were reported as follows: large commercial banks at 18.16%, joint-stock banks at 13.58%, city commercial banks at 12.39%, and rural commercial banks at 13.18% [5]. - Some city commercial banks and rural commercial banks are nearing regulatory capital thresholds, indicating an urgent need for capital support [5]. Group 2: Government Initiatives - The government plans to issue 300 billion yuan in special treasury bonds to support the capital replenishment of state-owned large commercial banks [4]. - A successful case of using special bonds to support small banks was seen in Jilin Province, which issued 26 billion yuan to help improve the capital adequacy and risk resistance of Jilin Rural Commercial Bank [6]. - From 2020 to 2022, 550 billion yuan in new local government special bonds were issued specifically for the purpose of replenishing the capital of small and medium-sized banks [6]. Group 3: Recommendations from Representatives - Representatives during the National People's Congress suggested the regular issuance of special bonds at the provincial level to assist small and medium-sized banks in establishing a long-term capital replenishment mechanism [7][8]. - The "self-examination and self-issuance" model for special bonds is proposed to streamline the process of capital replenishment for small banks, allowing for quicker access to necessary funds [9]. - The article emphasizes the importance of establishing a stable external capital replenishment channel and optimizing the governance structure of banks to better serve local economies [8][9]. Group 4: Risk Management and Oversight - It is crucial to implement a regular regulatory and behavioral constraint mechanism after the capital replenishment through special treasury bonds and local government bonds to prevent new risks from undermining the capital [10]. - Recommendations include strict monitoring of the use of funds from special bonds, ensuring they are used specifically for capital replenishment and not diverted to other areas [10]. - Banks are encouraged to regularly disclose key information such as capital adequacy ratios and non-performing loan rates to enhance market oversight and ensure that capital is effectively utilized to support the real economy [10].