地热产业呼唤“身份认同”

Core Viewpoint - Geothermal energy is expected to play a complementary role alongside wind and solar power in China's new energy system during the "14th Five-Year Plan" and "15th Five-Year Plan" periods [2][14]. Group 1: Geothermal Energy Development - Geothermal energy has core advantages such as being environmentally friendly, low-carbon, renewable, stable, and abundant in reserves. By the end of 2025, the area for geothermal heating and cooling applications is projected to reach 1.65 billion square meters [4]. - The "14th Five-Year Plan" is a critical phase for the development of China's geothermal industry, with various national policies aimed at strengthening the industry's top-level design [4]. - The total geothermal reserves in China are estimated at 857.25 trillion tons of standard coal, making it the largest country in terms of direct utilization of geothermal energy. However, the annual utilization of geothermal resources is only 40.19 million tons of standard coal, indicating that the potential remains largely untapped [6]. Group 2: Challenges in Geothermal Development - The management system for geothermal resources is complicated, with overlapping responsibilities among various departments, leading to lengthy approval processes for projects [8][9]. - Geothermal energy is currently the only renewable energy source subject to resource taxes, with rates significantly higher than those for oil, natural gas, and coal. This creates a heavier cost burden for geothermal projects compared to wind and solar projects, which benefit from subsidies and tax incentives [9]. - The lack of a clear strategic positioning and bottlenecks in core technologies, along with incomplete policies and regulations, are major constraints on the development of geothermal resources [6][9]. Group 3: Future Prospects and Recommendations - Experts suggest establishing a geothermal development management regulation and a national major science and technology project to accelerate deep geothermal development technology [4][12]. - Recommendations include creating a dedicated chapter for geothermal development in the national energy development plan, setting clear development goals for 2030, and implementing nationwide financial support policies to align geothermal energy with wind and solar energy [14][15]. - With continuous technological upgrades, geothermal energy is expanding its applications beyond residential heating to include hospitals, schools, airports, and industrial uses, indicating a promising future for the industry [15].