近期，澳大利亚莱纳斯稀土公司宣称已成功产出重稀土，欲为美欧供货。这一消息瞬间引发广泛关注， 在全球稀土市场掀起波澜。但美欧真能借此突破中国在稀土领域的主导地位吗？让我们深入剖析一番。 先看看全球稀土产业的基本格局。稀土，这被誉为"工业维生素"的17种金属元素，在现代科技产业中起 着无可替代的关键作用。从新能源汽车的电机、智能手机的震动马达，到导弹的精确制导系统、先进战 机的隐身涂层，稀土无处不在。而在全球稀土产业链中，中国的地位堪称"霸主"。国际能源署数据显 示，2023年中国稀土矿产量占全球超60% ，精炼供应量更是占比高达92%，近乎垄断全球稀土加工环 节。美国地质调查局也表明，2020 - 2023年，美国70%的稀土化合物和金属进口来自中国。如此悬殊的 依赖程度，凸显了中国在稀土领域的绝对优势。 美国军工厂（资料图） 再瞧瞧澳企莱纳斯的情况。莱纳斯自吹自擂，号称已成为中国以外首个商业化生产重稀土的企业，还计 划在5月投产镝生产线，6月跟进铽生产线，试图为美国、日本和欧洲客户提供新的稀土供应选择。可现 实却给了它沉重一击。从产量上看，莱纳斯每年计划分离1500吨重稀土，与中国每年分离1 - 2万吨的规 ...

中国欧盟商会彦辞（Jens Eskelund）在北京告诉会员和记者，欧洲现在面临着一种情况，一些公司本周 即将用完生产所需的材料。 【文/观察者网 张菁娟】中方管制稀土出口虽精准反击特朗普关税，却也着实令不少西方企业直呼疼。 据《日经亚洲》报道，中国欧盟商会28日警告称，中方管制措施有可能使欧洲制造商在数日内面临停产 危机。不过，商务部最新政策宣讲释放出对欧芯片出口可能松动的信号。 中方强调，此次中国政府依法对相关物项实施出口管制，目的是更好维护国家安全和利益，履行防扩散 等国际义务。相关物项具有军民两用属性，对其实施出口管制是国际通行做法。 《金融时报》此前报道称，中国的出口管控聚焦于中重稀土，这些稀土可制造耐高温的高性能磁铁，如 镝、铽和钐，对军用战斗机、导弹和无人机，以及电动和混合动力车的转子、电机和变速器至关重要。 虽然稀土金属在地壳中较为常见，但以低成本且环保的方式提取难度较大，中国在重稀土加工方面几乎 处于垄断地位。根据国际能源署数据，2023年，约90%的精炼稀土来自中国。 本月早些时候，中美双方同意在90天内暂停关税措施，将税率下调115%，但中国仍严控稀土出口管 制，启动稀土出口许可证制度。 ...

转自：前瞻产业研究院 行业主要上市公司：北方稀土(600111);中国稀土(000831);广晟有色(600259);厦门钨业(600549);中科三环 (000970);英洛华(000795)等 本文核心数据：中国稀土进出口规模;美国稀土进口来源;美国摆脱稀土对华依赖举措 中国近年来稀土进口规模大于出口规模 中国稀土储量及产量都是全球第一大国，过去中国是全球重要出口国家，随着国内高新产业的发展，对稀土 的需求大幅增加，以及稀土资源的战略性提升。中国稀土出口近年来有所下滑，出口有所增长。根据海关总 署披露数据，从出口金额来看，中国稀土出口金额从2022年10.64亿元降至2024年的4.89亿美元;而稀土出口 金额2024年达15.52亿美元。 2025年4月14日，根据海关总署发布的全国进口重点商品量值表和全国出口重点商品量值表。其中，在稀土 相关领域：2025年1-3月累计进口稀土24,679.1吨，累计金额18.7亿元人民币;2025年1-3月进口数量累计比去 年同期减少30.9%，金额累计比去年同期减少30.2%。 2025年1-3月累计出口稀土14,177.6吨，累计金额9.2亿元人民币;2025年 ...

公司改革清单完成率达 94%，超计划完成进度目标。兴邦公司获国家专 精特新小巨人认定；盛源公司获得高企认定；富源公司成功收获广东省 博士工作站。多项技术达到国际领先水平，并获得多项科技奖项。 中国自 2025 年 4 月初对部分中重稀土金属物项实施出口管制，境外产 品价格有所上涨，体现其战略价值。广晟有色加大研发投入，提高分离 技术回收率减少氨氮排放降低成本，其兴邦公司处于绝对领先地位。即 使境外企业想重建供应链，也难以短期内实现大规模产业化。这种技术 迭代巩固了中国定价权。 公司将依托新峰矿等自有矿权，加快绿色矿山智能化改造，提升资源开 发效率和环保水平。同时，通过探矿权增储和矿区周边资源整合等方式 逐步扩大中重稀土资源掌控量，夯实公司资源战略地位。 广晟有色在 2025 年的战略方向是什么？ 2025 年广晟有色将全面贯彻落实中央经济工作会议精神，定位为公司高质量 发展攻坚突破年。战略方向包括五个方面：一是聚焦服务国家战略，在增强核 心功能上实现新突破；二是聚力价值创造，在增强效率效益上实现新突破；三 是聚力结构优化，在构建现代产业体系上实现新突破；四是聚力科技强企，在 培育和发展新质生产力上实现新突破； ...

Group 1 - The initial agreement between China and the US on tariff issues is perceived by many as a victory for China, but the situation is more complex than it appears [1] - Shortly after the joint statement, the US took action against Huawei's Ascend chips by issuing a "global ban," indicating a shift in focus from tariffs to AI chip restrictions [3] - China has countered with a "rare earth export control pre-filing," which serves as a warning to countries that might cooperate with the US against Huawei [5] Group 2 - In response to the US's unpredictable actions, China has adopted a strategy of reciprocal measures, warning countries against complying with US restrictions on Huawei's Ascend chips [6] - The US's attempt to regain leverage in the AI chip sector backfired, leading to a modification of their stance from a "global ban" to a "risk warning" [7] - The ongoing US-China negotiations highlight the need for China to remain vigilant and strengthen its position, as the competition is not merely about words but about power dynamics [8]

Group 1 - The U.S. Trade Representative reported that China agreed to lift export countermeasures imposed after April, including restrictions on rare earth minerals and magnets, although no changes were made to rare earth export controls [1] - China holds 70% of global rare earth mining and 92% of refining capacity, making it a dominant player in the rare earth supply chain [4] - The U.S. has been slow to develop its rare earth sector due to environmental regulations and high costs, with companies like Neo Performance Materials stating that it takes at least 29 years to establish a rare earth mine in the U.S. [3] Group 2 - Rare earths are critical for high-tech and military industries, used in advanced equipment such as F-35 fighter jets and renewable energy technologies [4] - Recent reports suggest that China issued four rare earth export licenses, the first since imposing restrictions on certain rare earths, which may be a strategic move ahead of negotiations [6] - The U.S. military and energy sectors are heavily reliant on rare earths, and China's control over pricing and supply has led to significant price increases, with dysprosium prices in Europe rising over 200% [6][8] Group 3 - The U.S. has attempted to reduce reliance on Chinese rare earths through various measures, but lacks the necessary separation and purification technology, making it difficult to rebuild the supply chain [6][8] - Analysts indicate that rebuilding a complete rare earth supply chain outside of China could take 10 to 15 years, during which time U.S. industrial security may be compromised [8]

本轮中美关税战、贸易战有一大特点，即中国加强了对稀土资源的出口管制，已经取得了一定成效，全球稀土价格飙升，美国企业已经开始感受到了压力。 实际上，早在特朗普第一个任期开始的2016年，在中美技术战、贸易战刚刚开打的时候，我国就有学者主张对美禁运稀土产品，以反击美国对中国的芯片技 术禁运。 中国稀土出口管制可不仅仅针对美国，而是全世界，这不，感受到窒息感的印度学者，开始叫嚷自力更生了。 不过，当时中国稀土行业的状态使得中国政府还无法有效管控稀土出口。 9年过去了，如今中国政府对稀土产品出口的管控能力大大加强，管控措施得到了前所未有地有效实施。不但美国的一些企业开始叫痛，就连一直敌视中国 的印度，业开始觉得难受。 近日，有印度学者在美国《外交学人》上发表了一篇文章，主张印度减少对中国稀土产品的依赖，并建议通过回收含稀土元素的旧产品、促进稀土开采和提 炼技术的研发、对进口来源实施多样化战略，以及促进建立稀土矿物的区域市场，来减少对中国供应链的依赖。 （世界已探明稀土矿的主要分布） 根据《世界能源统计年鉴》（2024年）报告，中国拥有全球最大的稀土矿储量，为4400万吨（占全球探明储量的38%），其次是巴西（18%） ...

Group 1 - The China Rare Earth Industry Index increased by 0.22% as of May 26, 2025, with notable stock performances including Xiangdian Co. up 4.43%, Antai Technology up 3.24%, and China Rare Earth up 2.15% [1] - The Rare Earth ETF (516150) saw a rise of 0.65% [1] - The Rare Earth ETF recorded a trading volume of 10.5294 million yuan during the session, with an average daily trading volume of 43.5161 million yuan over the past year, ranking first among comparable funds [3] Group 2 - The Rare Earth ETF's scale increased by 100 million yuan over the past three months, placing it among the top two in terms of new scale among comparable funds [3] - The latest share count for the Rare Earth ETF reached 1.662 billion, marking a six-month high and ranking first among comparable funds [3] - The ETF experienced a net inflow of 27.2791 million yuan recently [3] Group 3 - The latest price-to-earnings ratio (PE-TTM) for the index tracked by the Rare Earth ETF is 29, which is in the 9.41% percentile over the past year, indicating a valuation lower than 90.59% of the time in the past year, thus at a historical low [3] - Following China's implementation of export controls on rare earths, there is an expectation of increased overseas demand leading to a surge in overseas rare earth prices, while domestic deep processing enterprises are poised for growth due to certain products being exempt from these controls [3] - It is anticipated that the central prices of rare earths will rise both domestically and internationally, with short-term overseas prices expected to exceed domestic prices, and mid-term prices likely to converge [3] Group 4 - As of April 30, 2025, the top ten weighted stocks in the China Rare Metal Theme Index include Salt Lake Co., Northern Rare Earth, and others, accounting for a total of 54.89% of the index [4] - Investors can also participate in the rare metal sector through the Rare Metal ETF Linked Fund (014111) [4]

美军（资料图） 从当前中美经贸各自的优势来看，中国作为全球最大生产基地，拥有完整的产业链条、高性价比产品， 具备一定的卖方垄断优势；美国拥有全球最大的消费市场，具有一定的买方垄断优势。"从短期来看,当 下的中美经贸博弈，可以简化为一个具有卖方垄断优势的卖家和一个具有买方垄断优势的买家之间的博 弈。"他认为，由于美国方面商家难以在短期内找到完全替代中国供应商的解决方案。 中国稀土出口管制的影响迅速显现，美国军事、能源、高科技等一系列关键行业的生产面临中断。在过 去30年里，中国在稀土开采和提炼方面始终具有主导力。据国际能源署数据，2023年中国占全球稀土矿 产量的超60%，但其对加工阶段的控制却占全球产量的92%，在全球稀土加工领域几乎拥有垄断性的控 制权。美国地质调查局还表示，2020年至2023年，美国70%的稀土化合物和金属进口来自中国。 据央视新闻近日报道，美国共和党籍参议员兰德·保罗在接受美国广播公司《本周》栏目采访时指出， 特朗普政府过于夸大贸易逆差，可其中存在一个经济学谬误，即认为贸易逆差真有什么实际意义。兰德 ·保罗表示，数十年来美国一直对华贸易逆差，可两个国家却都越来越富有。市场的作用就在于压 ...

Group 1 - The Ministry of Commerce of China announced the final ruling on anti-dumping investigations against imported copolymer formaldehyde from the US, EU, Taiwan, and Japan, confirming that dumping exists and has caused substantial damage to the domestic industry [1] - The investigation revealed that the imported copolymer formaldehyde is priced lower than domestic products, disrupting normal sales for domestic companies, which are crucial for sectors like new energy vehicles and high-end medical devices [3] - The anti-dumping measures are part of a normal legal procedure aimed at maintaining fair market competition and protecting domestic enterprises from unfair trade practices [3] Group 2 - The US has imposed high tariffs on imports, with European goods facing a 34.5% tariff and Japanese goods a 35.5% tariff, while specific companies from Taiwan enjoy significantly lower rates [3] - The ongoing trade tensions and tariffs are part of a broader strategy by China to assert control over global supply chains and respond to US actions, particularly in the rare earth sector [6] - Recent discussions in the US regarding imposing tariffs on port equipment have faced strong opposition from the US port industry, which argues for tax policy adjustments instead of high tariffs on Chinese products [8]