若厂商无法吸收成本，势必会转嫁到自家产品价格上。瑞典钢铁巨头SSAB的美国法人的高级副总裁6月 2日警告："关税对美国国内供应链是积极的，但依赖全球供应链的企业将面临更大负担"。 美国总统特朗普5月30日主张"巩固美国的钢铁产业"，呼吁保护国内产业。美国钢铁协会主席Lourenco Goncalves在6月3日表示："关税措施将纠正贸易不平衡，吸引大量投资回流美国"，对提高关税表示欢 迎。 但钢铁行业的设备投资需要数年时间，新建钢铁厂的费用高达数万亿日元。美国是全球最大的钢材进口 国。在2023年的钢材消费中，进口产品占到3成。在设备投资取得进展之前，美国仍需依赖进口，短期 内成本将持续上升。 美国的钢材价格已达到全球平均的2倍。根据钢铁基准（SteelBenchmarker）的数据，截至5月26日，美 国的钢材平均价格为每吨901美元。由于进口钢材占比较高，提高关税可能会进一步推高美国的钢材价 格。 在汽车、建筑等行业，对成本上升的警惕加剧。 美国福特汽车预计，因进口关税造成的成本增加将导致15亿美元的利润减少。零部件中使用的钢铁和铝 受到关税的影响，导致成本上升。福特汽车的首席财务官谢丽·豪斯5月表示，" ...

新华财经北京6月5日电美国白宫宣布从4日起将进口自除英国外所有贸易伙伴的钢铝产品关税从目前的 25%上调至50%。 根据美国国际贸易委员会数据，美国在2024年进口价值1473亿美元的钢铝产品。美国进口钢铁的主要来 源地包括加拿大、墨西哥、巴西等，进口铝的主要来源地是加拿大等。 多国行业人士和学者认为，此举将推高美国从汽车到罐装食品等一系列商品价格，对美国企业和消费者 造成冲击，并加剧全球经贸环境不确定性，为世界经济增长前景蒙上阴影。 加拿大："非法且不合理" 加拿大总理办公室3日晚发表声明说，美方加倍征收钢铝关税"非法且不合理"。加拿大新政府正与美方 进行谈判，争取取消这些关税和其他关税。 加拿大钢铝业界强烈反对美方行为。加拿大钢铁生产商协会表示，提高关税将"对整个供应链造成大规 模破坏和负面影响"。 加拿大劳工大会主席贝娅·布鲁斯克表示，美国政府的这一计划是对加拿大工人的又一次直接攻击，其 鲁莽的举动将对加拿大经济造成冲击。布鲁斯克说："特朗普这一决定将使我们完全远离美国市场，给 加拿大的钢铁和铝产业带来毁灭性危机，并威胁到成千上万加拿大工人的工作。"布鲁斯克呼吁加拿大 政府立即采取行动保护工人，包括实施 ...

Group 1 - The U.S. has increased tariffs on imported steel and aluminum from 25% to 50% to protect domestic industries and address national security threats, effective from June 4 [1][3][4] - Canada and Mexico are expected to be the most affected by the tariff increase, with Canada being the largest supplier of steel and aluminum to the U.S. [5][6] - The OECD has downgraded the U.S. economic growth forecast for 2023 to 1.6% due to the impact of the tariffs and retaliatory measures from trade partners [1][4] Group 2 - The U.S. steel import volume decreased by 17% from March to April 2023, and further declines are anticipated following the new tariffs [4] - The Canadian government has expressed strong opposition to the tariffs, labeling them as illegal and unfair, and plans to support affected workers and businesses [5][6] - The broader impact of the tariffs is expected to increase production costs for U.S. manufacturers that rely on steel and aluminum, potentially leading to higher prices for consumers [7]

首先，贸易保护主义和政策不确定性加剧，美国自2025年初大幅提高对中国产品的关税，平均有效关税 从2024年的2%升至15.4%，为1938年以来最高水平。据经合组织测算，此次美国加征关税及各国反制措 施涉及商品贸易额占全球GDP约2%，超过2018年美对中方首次贸易战时期的影响范围。报告预测，增 长放缓较为显著的包括美国、加拿大和墨西哥等经济体。2025年和2026年，美国经济预计将增长1.6% 和1.5%，较今年3月份预测值分别下调0.6个和0.1个百分点；欧元区经济预计将增长1.0%和1.2%，与3月 份预测值相同。根据"政策不确定性指数"，近期不确定性急剧上升，尤其是在未来贸易政策走向方面， 企业和消费者信心因此下降。金融环境收紧与市场波动持续造成影响，虽然金融市场已部分稳定，但整 体金融条件比2024年底更为紧张，且金融系统对冲击更为敏感，可能触发连锁反应，如非银金融机构被 迫出售资产。另外，公司债务成本特别是低评级债券的利差仍然高企，表明市场对风险资产保持高度警 惕。 其次，投资和消费动力不足弱化复苏动能。商业投资疲弱，由于不确定性上升、融资成本提高以及结构 性问题，如市场集中度上升，企业投资意愿 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles emphasizes the significant improvement in Sino-U.S. trade relations following the reduction of tariffs, leading to a surge in orders from American buyers for Chinese goods, indicating the resilience of market dynamics and the irreplaceability of Chinese products in the U.S. market [1] - The adjustment of tariff policies has resulted in a nearly 300% increase in container shipping bookings from China to the U.S., driving up shipping prices in the U.S. market [1] - The articles argue that trade is fundamentally about mutual benefit and efficiency, and that any disruption caused by unreasonable factors will be quickly rectified, highlighting the importance of a stable and predictable international trade environment [1][2] Group 2 - The articles assert that Sino-U.S. economic relations are not a zero-sum game but rather structurally complementary, with China providing a robust manufacturing system and the U.S. offering high-level service trade and a large consumer market [2] - The complementary effect between the two economies is seen as a driving force for cooperation, with Chinese goods contributing positively to the quality of life for American consumers [2] - The phenomenon of U.S. companies rapidly ordering Chinese products should prompt U.S. policymakers to reassess the Sino-U.S. economic relationship, as American businesses and consumers have expressed a clear need for mutually beneficial cooperation [2][3] Group 3 - Historical evidence suggests that economic laws and market logic are irreversible, and that the U.S. should maintain cooperative trade relations with China as a responsible approach to internal economic challenges [3] - The articles advocate for a rational approach to Sino-U.S. relations, encouraging both sides to leverage their economic complementarity to expand and optimize trade cooperation [3] - A stable, open, and transparent economic cooperation mechanism is deemed essential for injecting certainty and positive energy into the global economic recovery [3]

特朗普政府推动所谓"对等关税"政策，90天的缓冲期即将到期，美国贸易代表署已正式通知各贸易伙伴，要求各国最晚在6月4日提交关 税与非关税障碍的调整提案，否则可能将实施进一步惩罚性措施。这无异于向全球各国下了一道"最后通牒"。 美国为何如此急切地要各国提交关税方案呢？一个重要的原因是美国如今面临着巨大的债务压力。美国国债已经突破了36万亿美元，白 宫实际上并没有足够的偿还能力。在这种情况下，美国企图通过提高关税等手段来增加财政收入，缓解经济困境。他们认为，让其他国 家降低关税，开放市场，能让美国企业获得更多的海外利润，从而改善美国的经济状况。 然而，全球各国面对美国的关税施压，并没有轻易妥协。中国在这场关税博弈中展现出了坚定的立场。面对美国高达145%的关税，中国 纹丝不动，绝不屈服。甚至用中英双语向全球发布了《不跪》视频，这充分彰显了中国维护自身利益和国际经济秩序的决心。中国明 白，在国际贸易中，平等和互利是基础，绝不能因为美国的无理要求而放弃原则。 然难以赢得其他国家的信任。 美国之所以如此慌张，是因为其许多支柱产业被卡住了脖子。以稀土为例，虽然特朗普在中东拿下了不少订单，但没有中国的稀土，这 些订单都只是 ...

今日摘要 习近平会见白俄罗斯总统。 习近平向韩国当选总统李在明致贺电。 习近平总书记强调，中国将继续推动高质量发展，扩大高水平对外开放，同各国分享发展机遇，为地区 乃至世界经济带来更多稳定性和确定性。今年以来，我国依托超大规模市场优势，在扩大国际合作中提 升开放能力，不断拓展经济发展新空间，与世界共享发展机遇。 今年前四个月，国家高新区规上工业企业营收超10万亿元，创新驱动与产业集聚效应持续释放。 各地持续加力扩围"两新"政策，有力推动消费潜力加速释放。 我国城镇老旧小区改造加快推进，今年前四个月，全国新开工改造小区5679个。 乌克兰方面称，对克里米亚大桥实施了"水下袭击"；俄罗斯方面称，在克里米亚逮捕了一名涉嫌制作爆 炸装置的乌克兰特工。 美国将进口钢铝关税提高至50%的政策生效，美媒称多个行业将受影响。 内容速览 习近平会见白俄罗斯总统 6月4日上午，国家主席习近平在中南海会见白俄罗斯总统卢卡申科。 习近平向韩国当选总统李在明致贺电 6月4日，国家主席习近平致电李在明，祝贺他当选韩国总统。 【新思想引领新征程】高水平开放提速加力 与世界共享发展机遇 习近平总书记强调，中国将继续推动高质量发展，扩大高水平 ...

新华社纽约6月3日电（记者刘亚南）美国白宫3日发布公告，以应对所谓"国家安全威胁"和提高国内钢 铝产业竞争力为由，宣布从4日起将进口自除英国外所有贸易伙伴的钢铝产品关税从目前的25%上调至 50%。 鉴于5月上旬美英达成一项新的贸易协议，美国此次决定英国出口美国的钢铝产品将继续适用25%的税 率。 美国总统特朗普5月30日表示，将自6月4日起把美国进口钢铁和铝的关税从目前的25%上调至50%。 欧盟委员会发言人奥洛夫·吉尔2日重申，欧盟对美方决定深表遗憾。这一决定为全球经济增加了更多不 确定性，提高了大西洋两岸消费者和企业的成本，也破坏了欧盟与美国达成谈判解决方案的努力。 德国工商总会外贸主管福尔克·特赖尔表示，美方这一决定是"对跨大西洋贸易关系的严重打击"。 美国彼得森国际经济研究所高级研究员加里·赫夫鲍尔2日撰文说，特朗普第一任期对进口钢铁征收25% 关税，这些关税"每创造一个钢铁行业就业岗位，就导致下游行业年成本增加65万美元"。 2018年3月，时任美国总统特朗普以威胁美国国家安全为由，对多个国家和地区的钢铁和铝产品加征进 口关税，其中钢铁关税税率为25%，铝产品关税税率为10%。此后迫于国内产业遭冲 ...

Core Points - A U.S. federal court has blocked President Trump's tariff policy announced on April 2, ruling that he overstepped his authority by imposing comprehensive tariffs on countries that export more to the U.S. than they import [1][3] - The court's 49-page ruling stated that only Congress has the power to regulate trade with other nations, thus prohibiting the Trump administration from executing tariffs under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) [3][4] - The White House has expressed strong opposition to the ruling, claiming that non-elected judges should not dictate responses to national emergencies and that the administration will use all executive powers to address the crisis [1][3] Tariff Policy Implications - The court has mandated that the U.S. government must issue new enforcement notices to all customs ports within 10 days to implement the ban on tariffs, and during this period, the Customs and Border Protection must cease collecting tariffs based on IEEPA [4] - If the Trump administration's request for a stay of the ruling is not approved, the ban will take effect after 10 days, potentially reducing tariffs on China to around 12% [4] - The ruling has rendered previous tariff orders ineffective immediately upon issuance, and the government must publish necessary administrative orders to enforce the permanent ban [4] Responses from China - China's Ministry of Commerce reiterated the U.S. court's ruling and criticized the unilateral tariff measures, stating they have not resolved U.S. issues but have instead harmed international trade order [6] - The Chinese Foreign Ministry emphasized that there are no winners in a trade war and that protectionism ultimately harms all parties involved [6] Future Strategies - Amid the legal challenges, Trump's trade team is reportedly considering a backup plan involving a two-step approach: first, imposing a maximum 15% tariff globally for 150 days to address trade imbalances, and second, developing personalized tariffs for each major trading partner during that period [6][8]

Core Viewpoint - The OECD has downgraded its global economic growth forecasts for 2025 and 2026 to 2.9%, indicating a weakening growth momentum and increasing risks in the global economy [1][10]. Group 1: Trade Barriers and Economic Policies - Trade barriers and economic policy uncertainty are identified as primary reasons for the global economic slowdown, with increased tariffs and trade restrictions disrupting supply chains and diminishing business and consumer confidence [3][4]. - The report highlights a notable slowdown in growth among North American economies, particularly the U.S., Canada, and Mexico, due to trade tensions impacting the largest economies [3][4]. - The U.S. inflation forecasts for 2025 and 2026 have been raised to 3.2% and 2.8%, respectively, indicating persistent inflationary pressures that could lead to continued tight monetary policies by the Federal Reserve [3][4]. Group 2: Impact of Protectionism - The rise of protectionism and trade barriers is harming global supply chain efficiency, increasing business costs, and ultimately affecting consumer prices, leading to constrained economic vitality and reduced global trade and investment flows [4][6]. - The fragmentation of trade is undermining the stability of the multilateral trading system, with historical evidence suggesting that rising protectionism hampers economic growth and leads to a "zero-sum game" scenario [6][7]. Group 3: Call for Cooperation - OECD Chief Economist Pereira emphasizes the necessity for countries to engage in sincere negotiations to avoid further trade fragmentation, advocating for multilateral cooperation and trade liberalization as essential for sustainable global economic growth [9][10]. - The report warns that the ongoing trade barriers could exacerbate international tensions and complicate global political dynamics, highlighting the need for stable and rule-based economic development rather than short-term protective measures [7][10].