Group 1 - The cement industry is undergoing the most stringent regulatory actions in history to address the long-standing issue of "capacity mismatch" [1] - The State Administration for Market Regulation has issued a draft requiring companies to complete capacity rectification applications by the end of 2025, making government-approved capacity a core requirement for production licenses [1][3] - The China Cement Association has also mandated strict checks on the discrepancies between actual and registered capacities, with deadlines for compliance [1] Group 2 - The mismatch between registered and actual capacities has become a chronic issue, disrupting market order and intensifying internal competition [3] - The national cement capacity utilization rate has dropped below 53% in 2024, marking a historical low, with demand expected to decline by nearly 10% in 2024 and 5% to 8% in 2025 [3] - Current national cement capacity exceeds 3.6 billion tons, with clinker capacity over 1.8 billion tons, leading to a severe overcapacity situation [3] Group 3 - The cement industry has seen a significant reduction in new capacity due to falling demand and prices, with 12 clinker production lines totaling 17.67 million tons of annual capacity halted since 2025 [4] - The operating rate of clinker kilns has dropped to around 50%, with further declines anticipated as demand continues to decrease [4] Group 4 - The industry is exploring a combination of market-driven and policy-guided approaches to address overcapacity, focusing on balancing supply and demand and optimizing resource allocation [5] - Industry consolidation is viewed as a fundamental solution, with calls for supportive policies to encourage mergers and acquisitions among companies in the same region [5] - Since the end of 2024, merger and acquisition activities in the cement industry have accelerated, with several notable transactions announced [5][6] Group 5 - Conch Cement has indicated that the industry is entering a significant consolidation window amid weakening demand and increasing competition, planning to pursue quality acquisition projects in low-concentration markets [6]

Core Insights - The tropical crop industry is a strategic and essential sector in China, with an annual production exceeding 40 million tons and a trade value surpassing 200 billion yuan [1][2] - The industry plays a significant role in ensuring resource security, supporting rural revitalization, and meeting diverse food demands, showcasing vast potential for high-quality international cooperation [1][2] Industry Development - The tropical crop industry is focusing on "specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative" development, with a strong emphasis on high-quality growth driven by national policies and market demand [2] - Crop variety optimization is ongoing, with key products like natural rubber, lychee, and mango being concentrated in advantageous regions, leading to the establishment of over 20 specialty agricultural product zones [2] - Technological advancements have reached a world-class level, with significant breakthroughs in seed breeding and efficient cultivation, resulting in the establishment of 365 standardized production demonstration parks [2] Economic Impact - The tropical crop industry has seen an average annual growth of nearly 10% in output value over the past five years, contributing over 30% to income growth for farmers in key production areas [2] - International cooperation in trade, technology, and talent exchange is deepening, with steady development in the trade of tropical crop products [2] Future Directions - The 2025 Central Document No. 1 emphasizes the need to stabilize and improve the production quality of natural rubber and develop rural specialty industries, guiding the future development of the tropical crop industry [3] - Key strategies include enhancing seed quality, promoting green development, strengthening industry structures, and preserving cultural heritage related to tropical crops [3]

Group 1 - The rental market is becoming active during the graduation season, with a significant demand for rental properties in Guangzhou's Huangpu District, where 70% of the rentals are going to recent graduates [1] - There is a mismatch in supply and demand, with many old and poorly maintained properties remaining vacant while desirable rentals are scarce, leading to higher average rents for shared accommodations [2][3] - Many young renters prefer one-bedroom apartments for better privacy and comfort, but the limited availability of such units forces them to compromise on their living conditions [1][3] Group 2 - The dissatisfaction among renters is evident, as they are reluctant to invest in living facilities and feel uncertain about their long-term residency in cities, which negatively impacts local population retention and consumption [3] - The rental market has seen a continuous decline in prices over the past four years, with many cities struggling to reduce inventory, indicating a need for a shift in housing management strategies [3][4] - The primary issue affecting supply and demand is the inability of rental income to cover costs, leading to an oversupply of old and commercial properties that are difficult to lease [4]

利率 - 反内卷对债市的两条影响路径 20250707 摘要 当前利率已走低，未来走向取决于 6 月经济数据，如通胀、社融和出口。 若数据不佳，央行可能进一步宽松，利好债市，类似于 2015-2016 年 供给侧改革初期。 反内卷通过约束产能推升商品价格，类似供给侧改革，但可能因企业退 出导致就业和收入下降，对需求产生负面影响。缺乏需求侧支持的反内 卷对债市偏利多。 历史经验表明，无需求侧配合的通胀难以持续。若仅因供给侧冲击导致 短期通胀，央行或维持宽松。2015 年供给侧改革期间，利率整体下行， 表明通胀压力可控。 螺纹钢价格通常领先于 PPI 和利率。2015 年底螺纹钢率先上涨，PPI 随 后见底，利率在 2016 年 1 月触底后反弹，受大宗商品价格、供给侧改 革和经济数据改善等多重因素影响。 2021 年大宗商品上涨不仅因输入性通胀，更受煤炭行业政策影响，如 《刑法修正案（十一）》禁止超产及安全检查等，导致煤炭供应收紧， 需求良好也助推价格上涨。 Q&A 螺纹钢价格从 2015 年 12 月初开始回升，而利率则一直下降到 2016 年 1 月 13 日。PPI 在 2015 年 12 月份见底。因此 ...

反内卷政策解读：行业视角之水泥 20250707 摘要 水泥行业产能过剩严重，2024 年产能利用率仅为 53%，远低于非金属 矿业平均水平，且销量同比下降至少 10%。区域间发展不平衡加剧问题， 部分地区开窑率已降至 30%以下，行业面临突出的结构性矛盾。 水泥企业主要通过错峰生产和控产量应对内卷，但部分企业为追求规模 化和市场份额，不执行错峰生产，导致价格波动剧烈，破坏行业生态。 尽管如此，多数企业仍对反内卷政策抱有期望。 未来水泥价格预计将持续受供需矛盾影响，需加强自律手段，如精准错 峰限产和合规限产，以控制总量并稳定市场价格。或将出台更严格的自 律措施，通过政府或行业提升处罚力度。 区域性水泥企业对反内卷政策接受度较高，而全国性布局企业在控价能 力强的区域更积极。部分产能发挥不足或使用替代燃料的企业倾向于产 能双控，龙头企业也逐渐接受错峰生产。 国家层面推进供给侧结构性改革 2.0，遏制低价无序竞争，提升产品质 量。市场监管总局加大抽查力度，淘汰低水平粉磨站。但水泥行业自律 机制受反垄断法限制，需更高层次文件支持。 Q&A 未来水泥相关产品价格预计将继续受到供需矛盾加剧和需求不断下滑的影响。 在此背景 ...

Q&A 如何看待当前市场的反内卷行情及其阶段性表现？ 策略周谈 "反内卷"行情的三阶段 20250707 摘要 反内卷行情分为三个阶段：需求端驱动、供需差距显现、供给端出清预 期下的高估值。若无明确供给端出清信号，行情可能止步于第一阶段。 当前反内卷行情与 2016-2017 年供给侧改革不同，主要针对民企参与 的制造业，如光伏、汽车等，出清难度较高，强调有序退出，市场预期 兑现速度较慢。 2016 年煤炭股经验显示，供给侧改革文件发布初期超额收益短暂，煤 价上涨是第二波行情驱动，产能长期无法恢复的预期带来第三波超额收 益。 2016 年 2 月供给侧改革文件发布后，煤炭股在 2 月至 3 月间相对于沪 深 300 有约 10%的小幅超额表现，但很快回落。 第二段行情始于 2016 年 6 月，当时煤价开始小幅上涨，并在一个月内 完成主要涨幅。尽管下半年煤价继续上涨，但煤炭股未能超额表现。 第三段超额行情发生在 2017 年 5 月至 6 月，由于市场定价认为煤炭产 能长期无法恢复，因此预计煤价将维持高位。这段超额持续时间更长， 但也仅约两个月。 内卷行情通常分为三个阶段。第一阶段是炒预期，通常在政策或市场消 ...

利率 - 反内卷对债市的两条影响路径 20250707 摘要 当前利率已走低，未来走向取决于 6 月经济数据，如通胀、社融和出口。 若数据不佳，央行可能进一步宽松，利好债市，类似于 2015-2016 年 供给侧改革初期。 反内卷通过约束产能推升商品价格，类似供给侧改革，但可能因企业退 出导致就业和收入下降，对需求产生负面影响。缺乏需求侧支持的反内 卷对债市偏利多。 历史经验表明，无需求侧配合的通胀难以持续。若仅因供给侧冲击导致 短期通胀，央行或维持宽松。2015 年供给侧改革期间，利率整体下行， 表明通胀压力可控。 螺纹钢价格通常领先于 PPI 和利率。2015 年底螺纹钢率先上涨，PPI 随 后见底，利率在 2016 年 1 月触底后反弹，受大宗商品价格、供给侧改 革和经济数据改善等多重因素影响。 2021 年大宗商品上涨不仅因输入性通胀，更受煤炭行业政策影响，如 《刑法修正案（十一）》禁止超产及安全检查等，导致煤炭供应收紧， 需求良好也助推价格上涨。 Q&A 反内卷对债券市场的影响如何？ 反内卷对债券市场的影响相对较小。尽管权益市场因反内卷而表现火热，但债 券市场并未受到显著影响。当前，债市关注的主要是 ...

Investment Rating - The report does not provide specific investment ratings for the industry segments [2]. Core Insights - The overall strategy emphasizes the evolution of the supply side in the new energy sector, focusing on innovation and avoiding "involution" in the market [3][5]. - The new energy vehicle supply chain is entering a new cycle, with companies like CATL benefiting from collaborations with tech giants like Xiaomi and Huawei [3][21]. - The lithium battery sector is expected to see a positive outlook, with production forecasted to exceed 130 GWh in July, marking a nearly 40% year-on-year increase [4][35]. - The photovoltaic industry is facing challenges due to overcapacity and competition, but recent government measures aim to optimize supply and stabilize the market [5][25]. Summary by Sections New Energy Vehicle Supply Chain - The downstream landscape is evolving, with companies like CATL collaborating with automakers to enhance production efficiency and shorten delivery times [3][27]. - The launch of Xiaomi's YU7 has exceeded expectations, indicating a shift in consumer behavior towards valuing emotional and intelligent experiences in vehicles [21][22]. Lithium Battery Sector - The lithium battery production is projected to grow, with significant investments in high-end products and solid-state technologies [4][35]. - Companies like Fulin Precision and Enjie are expanding their production capabilities, focusing on high-performance lithium iron phosphate and solid-state battery materials [4][31]. Photovoltaic Industry - The photovoltaic sector is expected to confirm a mid-term bottom as supply-side optimization measures are implemented [5][25]. - Major glass manufacturers in the photovoltaic industry plan to reduce production by 30% starting in July to address overcapacity issues [5][25]. Offshore Market Opportunities - Leading companies like EVE Energy are investing in overseas projects, such as a new energy storage project in Malaysia worth up to 8.654 billion yuan [4][22]. - The establishment of independent pricing systems and production capacities in overseas markets is seen as a strategy to enhance profitability [4][22]. AI and New Energy Integration - The integration of AI with new energy sectors is highlighted, with companies exploring innovative applications and market breakthroughs [8][21]. - The report notes the acceleration of controlled nuclear fusion technology, with companies like CFS partnering with Google for future energy supply [8][34].

文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 联系人： 陆银波（15210860866） 韩港（微信 HGK1366） 核心观点 近期市场对供给侧改革的关注升温，参照综合求是、人民日报、工信部等官方表态，反内卷的重点行业或 包括光伏、锂电、新能源汽车、电商平台等。结合数据可得性与行业进展，我们重点关注 5 个产业，近期 其基本面均面临一定压力，例如光伏价格偏弱但生产端持续偏强、汽车销售折扣率再度提升、钢铁水泥价 格仍然偏弱、生猪行业临近亏损等。从其反内卷措施来看，以行业自律、行政指导、舆论监督为主，按照 约束力排序，或是钢铁 > 生猪 > 汽车 > 水泥 > 光伏，关注后续落地进展。 报告摘要 一、政策如何定调？ 什么是"内卷式"竞争？ 参考求是中的界定，既包括企业端的低价竞争、同质化竞争、与过度宣传营销，也 包括政府端的"制造 … 不公平非普惠的优惠政策"、"不顾地方产业基础和资源禀赋情况，盲目上马新兴产 业、重点产业"、"保护本地市场、扶持本地企业，设置或明或暗的市场壁垒"。 主要涉及哪些行业？ 综合求是、人民日报、工信部等官方表态，反内卷的重点行业或包括 ...

文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 联系人：韩港（HGK1366） 根据《证券期货投资者适当性管理办法》及配套指引，本资料仅面向华创证券客户中的金融机构专业投资者，请勿对本资料 进行任何形式的转发。若您不是华创证券客户中的金融机构专业投资者，请勿订阅、接收或使用本资料中的信息。本资料难 以设置访问权限，若给您造成不便，敬请谅解。感谢您的理解与配合。 华 创 证券研究所 定 位 为 面 向 专 业 投 资 者的研究团队，本资料仅适用于经认可的 专 业 投 资 者 ， 仅 供 在 新 媒 体 背景下研究 观 点 的 及 时 交 流 。 华 创证券不因任何订阅本资料的行为而将订 阅 人 视 为 公 司 的 客 户 。 普 通 投资者若使 用 本 资 料 ， 有 可 能 因 缺乏解读服务而对报告中的关键假设、评 级 、 目 标 价 等 内 容 产 生 理 解 上的歧义， 进 而 造 成 投 资 损 失 。 本资料来自华创证券研究所已经发布的研究报告，若对报告的摘编产生歧义，应以报告发布当日的完整内容为 准。须注意的是，本资料仅代表报告发布当日的判断，相关的分 ...