2025.05. 09 本文字数：1906，阅读时长大约4分钟 作者 | 第一财经 杜川 一张"贷款明白纸"让企业全部的融资成本一目了然，一定程度上解决了银行和企业对融资成本"观 感"不一的问题。 5月9日，央行发布《2025年第一季度中国货币政策执行报告》（下称《报告》）披露了明示企业贷 款综合融资成本工作的最新进展。 "贷款明白纸"详细列明了企业需承担的贷款利息支出和各项非利息支出，并列示了收费主体、支付方 式、支付周期等，减少信息不对称，使企业对各项融资费用心中有数。 近年来，央行推动社会融资成本下降成效显著。通过深化利率市场化改革，强化利率政策执行，畅通 利率传导机制。根据《报告》数据，3月，企业贷款加权平均利率约3.3%，同比下降约0.5个百分 点，持续处于历史低位。 "贷款明白纸"提高融资透明度 专家表示，去年央行启动明示企业贷款综合融资成本工作，一张"贷款明白纸"让企业全部的融资成本 一目了然，一定程度上解决了银行和企业对融资成本"观感"不一的问题，有利于更好地"公开"对账， 效果很好。目前我国贷款利息成本已经很低，未来降低综合融资成本关键是要降低抵押担保费、中介 服务费等非利息成本。 专家称， ...

报告显示，人民银行继续坚持支持性的政策立场，实施适度宽松的货币政策，灵活开展公开市场操作， 综合运用各类总量和结构性政策工具，保持流动性充裕，人民币汇率在复杂形势下保持基本稳定，金融 市场运行整体平稳。 适度宽松的货币政策将持续发力 市场人士表示，在各项货币政策支持下，货币信贷合理增长，社会综合融资成本稳步下行，信贷结构进 一步优化，持续多年、多次降准降息的累积效应不断显现，社会融资环境总体处于较为宽松状态。 报告显示，新的政策信号不断释放，一是进一步加大支持实体经济力度，二是支持扩大消费，三是有力 应对外部冲击。 【导读】遭受外部冲击关键时点，货币政策积极作为 专家对此表示，美国关税政策对全球经济金融秩序带来明显冲击，报告多次提及"关税政策"，显示政策 层面对此高度关注，宏观政策已在积极应对、重点发力，稳定外贸也将成为未来政策支持的一个重要方 向。 另一方面，在外需对经济增长的支撑作用趋弱的背景下，提振消费成为当前扩内需、稳增长的关键点。 报告对此进行了专题论述，服务消费与养老再贷款也于近日正式推出。市场预计，未来服务领域的消费 潜力有望进一步激发。 中国基金报记者 李树超 张玲 5月9日，央行官网发布的2 ...

未来降低综合融资成本关键是要降低抵押担保费、中介服务费等非利息成本。 一张"贷款明白纸"让企业全部的融资成本一目了然，一定程度上解决了银行和企业对融资成本"观感"不 一的问题。 5月9日，央行发布《2025年第一季度中国货币政策执行报告》（下称《报告》）披露了明示企业贷款综 合融资成本工作的最新进展。 "贷款明白纸"详细列明了企业需承担的贷款利息支出和各项非利息支出，并列示了收费主体、支付方 式、支付周期等，减少信息不对称，使企业对各项融资费用心中有数。 近年来，央行推动社会融资成本下降成效显著。通过深化利率市场化改革，强化利率政策执行，畅通利 率传导机制。根据《报告》数据，3月，企业贷款加权平均利率约3.3%，同比下降约0.5个百分点，持续 处于历史低位。 "贷款明白纸"提高融资透明度 2024年9月起，央行在山西、江西、山东、湖南、四川五个省份试点开展明示企业贷款综合融资成本工 作，对各类融资费用进行统一明示，保障金融消费者知情权，促进中小企业融资成本下降。 明示企业贷款综合融资成本的主要内容是，银行会同企业填写《企业贷款综合融资成本清单》（即"贷 款明白纸"），逐项填写企业获得贷款所需承担的利息和非利息 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the report indicates that China will implement a moderately loose monetary policy, marking a shift from a "steady" approach for the first time in over a decade [1][2] - The report emphasizes the importance of timely policy implementation to stabilize the market and support domestic demand amid external shocks [1][3] - The central bank's commitment to maintaining liquidity and optimizing policy tools is highlighted, including adjustments to the Medium-term Lending Facility (MLF) and the merging of agricultural and small enterprise loans [2][3] Group 2 - The report outlines a focus on supporting the real economy and expanding consumption, especially in light of weakening external demand [2][3] - It notes that the social financing cost has significantly decreased, with the average interest rate for corporate loans at approximately 3.3%, down about 0.5 percentage points year-on-year [6] - The report discusses the rapid development of the bond market and the associated risks, particularly the interest rate risk faced by long-term government bonds [7][8] Group 3 - The central bank's efforts to enhance the interest rate adjustment mechanism are underscored, with a focus on market-oriented reforms and clearer signals for interest rate adjustments [4][5] - The report indicates that the financial service efficiency in China ranks among the best globally, with only 7.7% of surveyed enterprises finding loan rates high or procedures complex [6] - The report also emphasizes the need for improved institutional frameworks to mitigate interest rate risks in the bond market [8][9]

中国央行：将继续完善公开市场一级交易商和做市商考核，加强投资者利率风险管理，优化债券市场结 构及制度安排，促进债券市场功能进一步增强，为利率市场化推进和货币政策调控转型提供坚实支撑。 ...

央行：研究进一步扩大开展明示企业贷款综合融资成本工作的试点地区 推动社会综合融资成本下行 智通财经5月9日电，央行发布2025年第一季度中国货币政策执行报告，下阶段，深入推进利率市场化改 革，畅通货币政策传导渠道。健全市场化利率形成、调控和传导机制，发挥中央银行政策利率引导作 用。强化利率政策执行，适时开展对金融机构定价能力的现场评估，促进金融机构提升利率定价能力， 有效落实各项利率自律倡议，维护市场竞争秩序。持续改革完善贷款市场报价利率（LPR），着重提高 LPR 报价质量，更真实反映贷款市场利率水平。督促金融机构坚持风险定价原则，理顺贷款利率与债 券收益率等市场利率的关系，研究进一步扩大开展明示企业贷款综合融资成本工作的试点地区，推动社 会综合融资成本下行。 ...

所谓政策利率，在央行政策体系中是指公开市场7天期逆回购操作利率，目前水平是1.5%，这次下调到1.4%。经过市场化的利率传导，预计将带动贷款市场 报价利率（LPR）随之下行0.1个百分点。同时，也将通过利率自律机制引导商业银行相应下调存款利率。 每经记者｜刘嘉魁 每经编辑｜廖丹 5月7日，中国人民银行宣布推出一揽子货币政策措施，旨在稳定市场预期。其中，下调政策利率0.1个百分点和降低个人住房公积金贷款利率0.25个百分点是 两项重要举措。 其中，下调政策利率0.1个百分点，预计将带动贷款市场报价利率（LPR）随之下行0.1个百分点。 专家预计，在降低个人住房公积金贷款利率0.25个百分点的带动下，接下来商业性个人住房贷款利率会有更大幅度下调。是现阶段推动房地产市场止跌回稳 的关键一招。 公积金与商贷利率"双降" 5月7日，国新办举行新闻发布会。会上，中国人民银行行长潘功胜宣布，下调政策利率0.1个百分点。 业内：降息降准是当前对冲外部波动最有力的手段之一 公积金与商贷利率双降，叠加存量房贷利率调整政策，形成"降息+降成本"组合拳。 自2019年LPR改革以来，5年期以上LPR累计下调125个基点，从4.85% ...

Core Viewpoint - The banking wealth management products are facing continuous pressure on yields due to the market-oriented adjustment of deposit interest rates, leading to a significant trend of "increased volume but decreased price" in the market for the first quarter of 2025 [1][2]. Group 1: Market Trends - In the first quarter of 2025, a total of 7,481 new wealth management products were launched, an increase of 254 products compared to the previous quarter, with wealth management subsidiaries issuing 5,346 products, accounting for 71.46% of the market [2]. - The average performance benchmark for newly issued open-ended wealth management products has dropped to 2.25%, down 0.21 percentage points, while closed-end products have an average benchmark of 2.69%, down 0.06 percentage points [2][3]. Group 2: Factors Influencing Performance - The decline in performance benchmarks reflects a decrease in market expectations for the future returns of underlying assets, influenced by low market interest rates, bond market fluctuations, and the implementation of self-discipline mechanisms for interbank deposit rates [3]. - The performance benchmarks for wealth management subsidiaries' newly issued open-ended and closed-end products are 2.25% and 2.75%, respectively, both showing a downward trend [2]. Group 3: Recommendations for Improvement - Industry experts suggest that wealth management subsidiaries should innovate products by diversifying asset classes and investment strategies, focusing on investor needs, and enhancing investor education to improve competitiveness [4]. - Potential measures include leveraging policies that encourage investment in the stock market, upgrading existing product systems, and extending the duration of wealth management products to improve yield performance [4].

丨2025年4月29日星期二丨 NO.1 潘功胜会见国际货币基金组织总裁格奥尔基耶娃 日前，中国人民银行行长潘功胜在出席国际货币基金组织/世界银行春季会议期间会见了国际货币基金 组织总裁格奥尔基耶娃，双方就相关合作等议题交换了意见。 点评：中国人民银行高层与国际货币基金组织的深度互动，释放出中国深化国际金融协作的积极信号。 此次对话或推动跨境资本流动、汇率政策协调等领域的制度衔接，为国内金融机构参与全球治理创造更 稳定的外部环境。金融开放主线下，跨境支付、离岸人民币业务相关企业或将迎来业务模式创新窗口， 而主权基金及外资机构对中国资产的配置逻辑也可能因政策协同而进一步优化。 NO.2 央行：将创设新的结构性货币政策工具 4月28日，中国人民银行副行长邹澜在国新办新闻发布会上表示，下一步人民银行将加紧实施更加积极 有为的宏观政策，用好用足适度宽松的货币政策。根据国内外经济形势和金融市场运行情况，适时降准 降息，保持流动性充裕，发挥好货币政策工具总量和结构双重功能，创设新的结构性货币政策工具，围 绕稳就业稳增长重点领域，精准加力，做好金融支持。 点评：工商银行领衔银行股持续突破历史估值中枢，国有大行与优质城商行的 ...

Core Insights - The four municipalities in China—Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Chongqing—play a crucial role in the country's economic development and face various challenges amid economic restructuring and competitive pressures [1][19][20] - Beijing Bank, once a leader among city commercial banks, is experiencing stagnation in profit growth and increased competition from peers like Jiangsu Bank and Ningbo Bank [2][3][19] - Shanghai Bank is struggling with declining net interest income and has seen its ranking drop among city commercial banks, despite a notable increase in non-interest income [7][8][19] - Chongqing Bank shows potential for growth with a significant increase in total assets, but it faces challenges related to its business structure, heavily weighted towards corporate loans [12][19] - Tianjin Bank's performance is inconsistent, with significant fluctuations in profits and a declining personal loan portfolio, raising concerns about its future stability [15][19][20] Summary by Company Beijing Bank - As of December 2024, Beijing Bank's total assets reached 42,215.42 billion yuan, a 12.61% increase year-on-year, but net profit growth has slowed to 0.81% [2][19] - The bank's net interest margin has decreased from 1.95% in 2019 to 1.47% in 2024, indicating challenges in profitability [3][19] - The bank is exploring diversification into children's financial services, with over 2 million child financial clients [4][19] Shanghai Bank - Shanghai Bank reported total assets of 32,266.56 billion yuan as of December 2024, with a 4.6% year-on-year increase [7][19] - The bank's net interest income fell by 7.62% in 2024, leading to a net interest margin of only 1.17%, below the industry average [8][19] - Non-interest income grew significantly, with investment income increasing by 94.42% in 2024, highlighting the bank's adaptability in financial markets [9][19] Chongqing Bank - Chongqing Bank's total assets reached 8,566.42 billion yuan, a 12.73% increase year-on-year, marking the highest growth rate since 2018 [12][19] - The bank's loan structure is heavily skewed towards corporate loans, with retail loan growth lagging at only 2.81% [12][19] - The bank's net interest margin was reported at 1.35%, indicating a need for improvement in profitability [13][19] Tianjin Bank - Tianjin Bank's total assets were 9,259.94 billion yuan as of December 2024, a 10.1% increase, but its net profit growth was only 1.1% [15][19] - The bank's personal consumption loan portfolio has declined significantly over the past five years, raising concerns about asset quality [17][19] - The bank's capital adequacy ratios have also decreased, indicating potential challenges in maintaining financial stability [18][19]