Core Insights - The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has significantly increased due to rising living standards and the growing number of older pregnant women, which can lead to adverse outcomes for both mothers and infants [1][2] Group 1: Definition and Causes - GDM occurs when a woman without diabetes develops glucose metabolism abnormalities during pregnancy, primarily influenced by hormonal changes and increased glucose demand as the fetus grows [1] - Risk factors for GDM include age ≥ 35, obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome, history of delivering large babies, and family history of diabetes [1] Group 2: Impacts on Maternal and Infant Health - GDM can lead to serious complications for mothers, including increased risks of miscarriage, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and delivery complications [1] - Infants born to mothers with GDM face higher risks of macrosomia, fetal growth restriction, congenital malformations, and preterm birth, as well as increased likelihood of respiratory distress syndrome, hypoglycemia, and neonatal jaundice [1] Group 3: Screening and Management - Screening for GDM is recommended through an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) between 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy due to the typically hidden and atypical symptoms [2] - Effective blood sugar control during pregnancy is crucial, with specific targets for fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels outlined [2] - Management of GDM involves a combination of dietary control, exercise, medication, psychological support, and self-monitoring of blood glucose, with particular attention to energy intake and safe exercise practices [2]