Vitalik reflects that Ethereum's core value lies first in serving as a censorship-resistant public bulletin board that provides data availability for all kinds of crypto protocols; second in importance is payments, with Ethereum plus ZK payment channels ranking among the best payment systems designed for API scenarios; and only last comes smart contracts, which then open the door to a vast range of potential application areas. https://t.co/SDUfiWdvqB ...

Now, the quantum resistance roadmap.Today, four things in Ethereum are quantum-vulnerable:* consensus-layer BLS signatures* data availability (KZG commitments+proofs)* EOA signatures (ECDSA)* Application-layer ZK proofs (KZG or groth16)We can tackle these step by step:## Consensus-layer signaturesLean consensus includes fully replacing BLS signatures with hash-based signatures (some variant of Winternitz), and using STARKs to do aggregation.Before lean finality, we stand a good chance of getting the Lean av ...