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vitalik.eth· 2026-02-26 17:35
Now, the quantum resistance roadmap.Today, four things in Ethereum are quantum-vulnerable:* consensus-layer BLS signatures* data availability (KZG commitments+proofs)* EOA signatures (ECDSA)* Application-layer ZK proofs (KZG or groth16)We can tackle these step by step:## Consensus-layer signaturesLean consensus includes fully replacing BLS signatures with hash-based signatures (some variant of Winternitz), and using STARKs to do aggregation.Before lean finality, we stand a good chance of getting the Lean av ...