It's a multi-million dollar heist uh rattling crypto investors this week. A hacker stole over hund00 million from a DeFi a decentralized finance uh platform called Balancer. And joining us now, cyber security expert Chris Krebs. He served as the inaugural director of the US Department of Homeland Security, cyber security and infrastructure security agency.He also uh ran US cyber policy for Microsoft. So Chris, can you let's just get back to to what what what is balancer. It was I guess it used ether or some ...

Market Structure Evolution - The market structure around spot trading on Solana has evolved rapidly due to the rise of prop AMMs [1] - Prop AMMs provide tighter quotes by actively managing liquidity, updating quotes multiple times per second [1] - Prop AMMs' midpoint often tracks CEX prices like Binance, considered the "true" price [1] Arbitrage Dynamics - The CEX leg of CEX<>DEX arbitrage is shifting onchain [1] - Arbitrage bots now buy from stale onchain venues and sell to Prop AMMs, capturing spreads atomically in a single transaction [1] - Increased use of flash loans by arbitrage bots to capture these arbs [1] - A material amount of CEX<>DEX arbs are moving over DEX aggregators [1] - A majority of this volume is on the SOL-USD pair, the most liquid volatile asset on Solana [1] DEX Aggregator and Cyclic Arbitrage - There's a tight relationship between the percentage of DEX aggregator volume that moves over Prop AMMs and the percentage of DEX aggregator volume that is cyclic arbitrage [2] - Cyclic arbitrage is defined as transactions with the same input and output token, capturing the arbitrage transactions [2] Onchain vs CEX Price Discrepancies - When onchain price is $200 and Binance price jumps to $205, Props race to update their books to mirror Binance [3]