Gender Differences in Leadership - Research indicates that differences between male and female leaders are small, inconsistent, and not significant [2][6] - When evaluated by others, women are rated as slightly more effective leaders, while men tend to rate themselves higher [3] - A study using 360-degree feedback from nearly 7,000 leaders found women scored slightly higher on 12 out of 16 leadership competencies, while men scored slightly higher on strategic thinking and technical expertise [5] Perception vs Reality - Women make up approximately 40% of the global workforce but hold only about 33% of managerial positions [7] - In the Czech Republic, only 25% of leadership positions are held by women, and only 4% of CEOs are female [7] - Despite a majority of Czech university graduates being women, many are hesitant to identify as future leaders [8][9] Implicit Bias and the "Glass Cliff" - Traditional leadership traits are often associated with masculine qualities, leading to a double bind for women who are either seen as too aggressive or too soft [10][11] - The "glass cliff" phenomenon describes the situation where women are appointed to top leadership positions during times of crisis, increasing their risk of failure [12][13] - Female CEOs are 45% more likely to be fired, and their tenure is often shorter compared to male CEOs in large public companies [21] The New Psychology of Leadership - Good leaders create trust and build connections, while bad leaders create fear [22] - Effective leadership is defined by the ability to create a shared identity and stand with the group, fostering inclusion, trust, commitment, well-being, and improved performance [24][25][26] - The focus should shift from gender differences to whether leaders care, build a healthy "we," and lead for the group [27][28]