Group 1: ETF Performance - Global X Hydrogen ETF (HYDR) has gained 16.7% over the past week and 25.8% over the past month as of September 17, 2025 [1] - Plug Power (PLUG), the ETF's second holding, surged 19.1% on September 17, 2025, and increased 40.6% over the past week [1] - Bloom Energy (BE), the ETF's top holding, gained 8.7% on September 17, 2025, and advanced 24.6% over the past week [1] Group 2: Hydrogen Market Dynamics - The green energy revolution is driving demand for hydrogen as a clean fuel source, which emits only water and heat when used [3] - The ongoing AI boom is increasing the energy needs of data centers, further driving demand for clean power sources like hydrogen [4] Group 3: Supply and Production Outlook - The International Energy Agency (IEA) reported a nearly 25% drop in the projected hydrogen development for 2030 due to cancellations, cost pressures, and policy uncertainty [5] - Expected hydrogen production for 2030 is now 37 million metric tons per year, down from 49 million metric tons estimated a year earlier [6] - Operational, under-construction, or final investment decision capacity is projected to grow about fivefold from 2024, reaching above 4 million tons per year by 2030 [7] Group 4: Cost Structure and Future Projections - Recent declines in natural gas prices have favored fossil-based hydrogen, while rising electrolyser prices have impacted low-emissions projects [8] - The IEA expects the cost gap to narrow by 2030 as technology costs fall, renewable energy capacity expands, and regulatory frameworks improve [8]