Core Insights - The S&P 500, Dow Jones Industrial Average, and Nasdaq Composite are key stock market indexes that reflect the performance of the U.S. stock market, with varying degrees of gains and losses depending on market conditions and economic state [1][2]. Index Characteristics - The S&P 500 includes approximately 500 of the largest U.S. stocks, weighted by market capitalization, providing a broad market performance view [2]. - The Nasdaq comprises over 3,000 stocks, heavily focused on the technology sector, making it a benchmark for technology and growth companies [2]. - The Dow consists of 30 blue-chip stocks, weighted by stock prices, offering a more conservative representation of the market [2]. Historical Performance - Since their peaks in 2000, the performance changes of the indexes are as follows: Dow increased by 288.5% nominally and 105.6% in real terms; S&P 500 rose by 322.9% nominally and 123.8% in real terms; Nasdaq grew by 325.0% nominally and 124.9% in real terms [4]. - As of August 29, 2025, the month-over-month changes were: S&P 500 up 1.9%, Dow up 3.2%, and Nasdaq up 1.6% [4]. - Adjusted for inflation, the real month-over-month changes were 1.8% for S&P 500, 3.0% for Dow, and 1.4% for Nasdaq [6]. Long-term Growth - Over the last 10 years, each index has shown significant growth in real terms: S&P 500 up 124%, Dow up 106%, and Nasdaq up 125% [8]. ETF Performance - The SPY ETF, tracking the S&P 500, shows a current real purchasing power of $3,499 from an initial investment of $1,000 at its March 2000 peak, reflecting a real compounded annual return of 5.05% [13]. - The DIA ETF, tracking the Dow, has a current real purchasing power of $3,515 from the same initial investment, with a real compounded annual return of 5.03% [14]. - The QQQ ETF, tracking the Nasdaq-100, has a current real purchasing power of $3,113 from the initial investment, yielding a real compounded annual return of 4.56% [16].

Acquisition of TMA - The acquisition of TMA aims to create the most competitive telecom company in Argentina with premium infrastructure[19] - The acquisition is expected to increase EBITDA generation while maintaining stable leverage[19] - The transaction rationale includes greater synergies and efficiencies to increase profitability[19] - The acquisition is considered a market repair transaction, addressing limited profitability and investment capacity of a player[19] Financial Performance - Telecom Argentina reported 1.3 billion US dollars in 1Q25 revenues[12] - Adjusted EBITDA for 1Q25 reached 165 million US dollars, an increase of 8% compared to 1Q24[12] - 1Q25 CAPEX amounted to 165 million US dollars, focused on mobile and FTTH network deployment[12] - The company's EBITDA margin was 33.1% in 1Q25, compared to 30.3% in 1Q24[12] - Net debt to estimated proforma EBITDA was 1.9x LTM1Q25[12] Operational Highlights - The company has 4.1 million broadband subscribers, maintaining its market leader position[12] - Mobile subscribers reached 21.3 million, including 2.6 million from Paraguay and Uruguay, also holding a market leader position[12] - Pay TV subscribers totaled 3.1 million, with 111,000 in Paraguay and Uruguay[12] - Personal Pay has onboarded approximately 3.9 million clients, ranking as the 2 Fintech in Argentina based on total remunerated account balances[12]