Core Insights - Millions of older Americans rely on Medicare for healthcare coverage, but there are common misunderstandings about the program's rules Group 1: Medicare Part A Costs - Medicare Part A does not charge most enrollees a monthly premium, but there are various costs associated with it, such as inpatient hospital deductibles and daily coinsurance for extended stays [3] - It is advisable for retirees to purchase Medigap (supplemental insurance) as soon as they are eligible to help cover out-of-pocket costs associated with Part A [4] Group 2: Long-term Care Coverage - Medicare does not cover long-term care needs, such as assisted living or nursing homes, as it only covers medical care, not custodial care related to daily living [5] - Individuals should consider purchasing long-term care insurance, ideally starting in their early to mid-50s, to prepare for potential long-term care costs [6] Group 3: Enrollment Penalties - The initial Medicare enrollment window lasts seven months, starting three months before the 65th birthday and ending three months after [7] - Late enrollment in Medicare can result in a 10% surcharge on Part B premiums for each 12-month period of missed coverage, which is generally applied for life [7] - Those still working and enrolled in a qualifying group health plan may qualify for a special enrollment period, avoiding financial penalties for late enrollment [8]