Summary of aTyr Pharma Conference Call on EFZO-FIT Study Results Company and Industry - **Company**: aTyr Pharma - **Industry**: Biopharmaceuticals, specifically focusing on treatments for pulmonary sarcoidosis Core Findings and Arguments 1. **Study Overview**: The Phase 3 EFZO-FIT study evaluated efzofitimod in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis, a significant form of interstitial lung disease [4][7] 2. **Primary Endpoint**: The study did not meet its primary endpoint of reducing mean daily oral corticosteroid (OCS) dose at week 48, despite showing positive impacts on quality of life and lung function [4][19] 3. **Steroid Withdrawal**: 52.6% of patients on 5 mg/kg efzofitimod achieved complete steroid withdrawal at week 48, compared to 40.2% on placebo [4][11] 4. **Quality of Life Improvement**: The King's Sarcoidosis Questionnaire (KSQ) Lung Score showed significant improvement, with a 10.36 point increase in the 5 mg/kg group versus 6.19 points in placebo [13][15] 5. **Lung Function Maintenance**: Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) was largely maintained across treatment groups, with minimal declines observed [16][17] 6. **Safety Profile**: Efzofitimod was well tolerated, with adverse events mostly mild to moderate and balanced across treatment groups [17][18] 7. **High Placebo Response**: A higher than expected placebo response (40.2% achieving steroid-free status) impacted the primary endpoint results, attributed to the rigorous protocol of bi-weekly assessments [12][23] Additional Important Insights 1. **Regulatory Engagement**: aTyr Pharma plans to engage with the FDA to discuss the path forward for efzofitimod, emphasizing the need for effective treatments in an underserved patient population [19][29] 2. **Protocol Rigor**: The study's design, including bi-weekly patient assessments, may have contributed to the high placebo response and could influence future treatment guidelines [12][60] 3. **Future Directions**: The company aims to analyze additional data, including quality of life and biomarker assessments, before meeting with the FDA [37][64] 4. **Cash Position**: aTyr Pharma reported having $113 million in cash, indicating a strong financial position for ongoing operations and regulatory discussions [42] This summary encapsulates the key points from the conference call regarding the Phase 3 EFZO-FIT study results, highlighting both the achievements and challenges faced by aTyr Pharma in the development of efzofitimod for pulmonary sarcoidosis.