Company Overview - Dow Inc. operates as a major global commodity chemical producer, focusing on olefins and polyolefins, with approximately 75% of its asset base concentrated in the U.S. and significant exposure to export markets, particularly EMEA and India [2] Financial Performance - Dow's annual EBITDA is estimated to be around $2.5–$3 billion, which is insufficient to sustainably cover both capital expenditures and interest expenses, leading to reliance on asset sales [5] - The company recently completed a $3 billion partial divestiture of U.S. midstream assets, which has improved liquidity to $4.6 billion, although further dividend reductions may be necessary [5] Profitability and Market Position - Dow's core profitability is primarily derived from olefins and polyolefins, with a higher sensitivity to global trade dynamics due to its olefin exposure [3] - The company's Intermediates segment, which includes propylene oxide and ethylene oxide chains, is smaller compared to peers, limiting its exposure to construction and vehicle fuels [3] Capital Allocation Strategy - Management employs a disciplined, countercyclical capital allocation strategy, investing more during downturns and less during high-margin cycles, reflecting an understanding of the chemical industry's cyclicality [4] Risks and Liabilities - Dow faces significant environmental and pension liabilities, contributing to structural risk [6] - The company's financial flexibility is constrained, with liquidity pressures stemming from an oversized dividend and limited operating cash flow coverage [4]