Group 1: Key Scientific Issues - The feasibility study of "metalloid substitutes for transition metals in precise synthesis and catalytic reactions" has been selected as one of the top ten frontier scientific issues for 2025, which is expected to reshape scientific understanding and open new theoretical and methodological systems in chemical synthesis [1] - Another selected issue is "multi-dimensional, reconfigurable supramolecular machine assembly," which aims to shift from "molecular synthesis-oriented" to "functional assembly-oriented," potentially establishing supramolecular machines as the next technological high ground after chips and artificial intelligence [1] Group 2: Engineering and Industrial Technology Challenges - The "next-generation low-energy, low-cost carbon capture and storage technology" has been recognized as a major engineering challenge for 2025, which is crucial for the low-carbon utilization of fossil fuels and aims to reduce energy consumption and costs in carbon capture [2] - The challenge of "breaking through the import bottleneck of high-end equipment for large and ultra-large seawater desalination projects" has been identified as a significant industrial technology issue, highlighting the need for domestic development in key materials and equipment for seawater desalination [2] Group 3: Selection Process - Since 2018, the China Association for Science and Technology has been organizing the collection and publication of major scientific issues and challenges, with a rigorous selection process based on frontier, leading, innovative, and strategic criteria [3]