Core Viewpoint - Cuprina Holdings is advancing its research on collagen peptides derived from American bullfrog skin, aiming to develop products for chronic wound management, infertility, and the cosmeceutical sector, with significant potential for commercial applications and market growth [1][8]. Group 1: Research Collaborations - The first study, a consultancy proposal with Republic Polytechnic, focused on generating bullfrog collagen peptides for sale as individual fragments or as a whole [2]. - The second study, a research collaboration with the National University of Singapore, aims to explore the use of bullfrog collagen peptides in 3D printable wound care dressings, supported by national funding [4]. - The third study, with the Singapore Institute of Technology, seeks to produce a superior powdered form of bullfrog collagen peptides for cosmeceutical applications [6]. Group 2: Product Development and Applications - Cuprina has identified methods to generate peptides for cosmeceutical applications, including skin moisturization and collagen remodeling, and is pursuing marketing opportunities with cosmeceutical companies [3]. - Testing is underway to integrate bullfrog collagen into microneedling patches, which could enhance wound healing by controlling inflammation [5]. - In vivo and in vitro tests have shown that bullfrog collagen exhibits superior properties, achieving 90% wound closure in 24 hours compared to 34% for bovine collagen [7]. Group 3: Market Potential - The global collagen peptides market is projected to grow from US$699 million in 2023 to US$922 million in 2028, reflecting a CAGR of 5.7%, driven by increased utilization across various sectors [8].