Core Insights - The 2025 Triennial Central Bank Survey indicates a significant increase in trading activity in FX and OTC interest rate derivatives markets, with FX trading reaching $9.6 trillion per day, up 28% from 2022, and OTC interest rate derivatives increasing 59% to $7.9 trillion daily [1][2]. FX Market Overview - The US dollar remains the most-traded currency, involved in 89% of all FX trades, followed by the euro at 28.9% and the Japanese yen at 16.8%. The share of sterling decreased to 10.2% [3]. - FX swaps are the most traded instrument, with average daily turnover rising to $4 trillion, a 5% increase from April 2022. FX spot trading increased by 42%, while outright forwards rose by 60%, with their shares in global turnover reaching 31% and 19% respectively [3]. OTC Interest Rate Derivatives - Average daily turnover of euro-denominated contracts nearly doubled to $3.0 trillion, accounting for 38% of the global total, while US dollar contracts increased by 7% to $2.4 trillion, leading to a decline in the international share of US dollar contracts to 31% [4]. - In contrast, the market for exchange-traded derivatives shows US dollar contracts holding 65% of global turnover, with significant increases in turnover for sterling and Japanese yen derivatives, surging by 179% and 684% respectively [5]. Trading Centers - FX trading remains concentrated in major financial centers, with the UK, US, Singapore, and Hong Kong SAR accounting for 75% of overall foreign exchange trading [5]. - The UK is the most important FX trading location, maintaining a 38% share of total turnover, while for interest rate derivatives, the UK and US together hold 73% of the market [6][7].

Core Insights - Singapore has solidified its position as the world's third-largest foreign exchange trading hub, with average daily turnover increasing by 60% to $1.485 trillion in April 2025 compared to April 2022 [1] - The market share of Singapore in global FX volumes rose to 11.8% in April 2025, up from 9.5% three years prior, trailing only the United Kingdom and the United States [2] - The growth in trading activity is attributed to deeper liquidity during Asian trading hours and broad-based growth across various currencies and instruments [2] Trading Activity - Major currency pairs such as the U.S. dollar, Japanese yen, and euro experienced volume increases ranging from 36% to 65% from 2022 to 2025 [2] - Volumes for the Chinese renminbi and Australian dollar also saw significant growth, with spot, forwards, and FX swaps, which account for 90% of Singapore's turnover, growing by 42% to 61% during the same period [3] - Over-the-counter interest rate derivatives averaged $208 billion per day in April 2025, marking a 33% increase from April 2022, with U.S. dollar, Japanese yen, and Australian dollar contracts being the most actively traded [3] Market Dynamics - The strong growth in Singapore's FX volumes is driven by deeper liquidity in the Asian time zone, supporting economic and hedging needs in the region [4] - The diverse growth across currencies and instruments highlights Singapore's role as a trusted price-discovery hub and gateway for global investors into Asia's evolving economies [4] Survey and Data Collection - The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) coordinated a survey conducted every three years to enhance transparency in over-the-counter markets, covering various FX instruments [5] - The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) collected data from 82 financial institutions in Singapore for the April 2025 reporting period as part of a global exercise involving central banks and authorities in 53 jurisdictions [5]