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Should You Hold Quest Diagnostics Stock in Your Portfolio for Now?
ZACKS· 2025-11-24 13:56
Core Insights - Quest Diagnostics (DGX) is focusing on advanced diagnostics to enhance patient care and drive growth through disciplined acquisitions, although concerns about weak solvency metrics and competitive pressures exist [1][9]. Financial Performance - Quest Diagnostics has a market capitalization of $20.87 billion and an earnings yield of 5.1%, outperforming the industry average of 4.8% [2]. - The company has consistently surpassed earnings estimates over the past four quarters, achieving an average surprise of 2.5% [2]. - The Zacks Consensus Estimate for 2025 earnings per share (EPS) has increased by 2 cents to $9.79, with projected revenues of $10.97 billion, indicating an 11.1% growth from the previous year [12]. Growth Strategy - The company is pursuing growth through value-accretive acquisitions, focusing on strategically aligned purchases, including the recent acquisition of clinical testing assets from Fresenius Medical Care's Spectra Laboratories [3][4]. - In 2024, Quest Diagnostics completed eight acquisitions, expanding its presence in Canada and acquiring lab assets from physician groups in New York [4]. Advanced Diagnostics - Quest Diagnostics is investing in advanced diagnostics across five key clinical areas: advanced cardiometabolic, autoimmune, brain health, oncology, and women's and reproductive health [5]. - The company reported double-digit revenue growth in several clinical areas, including strong demand for the AD-Detect blood test for Alzheimer's disease and the launch of a new panel for identifying amyloid brain pathology [6][7]. Debt and Solvency Concerns - As of the end of the third quarter of 2025, Quest Diagnostics had long-term debt of $5.17 billion, with cash and cash equivalents totaling only $432 million, raising concerns about its solvency [8][10]. - The current portion of the debt was $504 million, and the times interest ratio declined to 5.9%, indicating potential challenges in meeting interest obligations [10]. Competitive Landscape - Quest Diagnostics faces significant competition from Labcorp, other commercial laboratories, and hospitals, with a focus on service quality and turnaround times being critical factors in maintaining market share [11].
Quest Diagnostics Stock Up on Q3 Earnings & Revenue Beat, Margins Rise
ZACKS· 2025-10-21 14:31
Core Insights - Quest Diagnostics Inc. reported third-quarter 2025 adjusted earnings per share (EPS) of $2.60, exceeding the Zacks Consensus Estimate by 3.59% and up 13% year-over-year [1][8] - The company's revenues for the quarter rose 15.2% year-over-year to $2.82 billion, surpassing the Zacks Consensus Estimate by 3.45% [3][8] - The gross margin expanded by 110 basis points to 33.7%, indicating improved profitability [5][8] Revenue Performance - Diagnostic Information Services revenues increased by 13.5% year-over-year to $2.76 billion, exceeding projections [3] - Test volumes rose by 12.5% year-over-year, contributing to revenue growth [4][8] - Revenue per requisition saw a slight increase of 0.8% year-over-year [4] Margin and Cost Analysis - The cost of services for the quarter was $1.87 billion, up 11.3% year-over-year, while gross profit rose 17% to $949 million [5] - Selling, General and Administrative (SG&A) expenses were $501 million, an increase of 11.8% from the previous year [5] - The adjusted operating margin improved to 15.9%, reflecting a 132-basis point expansion year-over-year [5] Financial Position - At the end of Q3 2025, the company had cash and cash equivalents of $432 million, up from $319 million at the end of Q2 [6] - Cumulative net cash provided by operating activities reached $1.42 billion, compared to $858 million in the same period last year [6] - The company has a five-year annualized dividend growth rate of 7.21% [6] Guidance and Outlook - Quest Diagnostics updated its full-year 2025 revenue guidance to a range of $10.96 billion to $11.00 billion, indicating a year-over-year increase of 11% to 11.4% [7] - Adjusted EPS guidance was raised to a range of $9.76 to $9.84, up from the previous range of $9.63 to $9.83 [7] Strategic Developments - The quarter included a joint venture agreement with Corewell Health for lab services in Michigan and the acquisition of dialysis testing assets from Fresenius Medical Care [10] - The company received FDA breakthrough device designation for the Haystack MRD test and formed collaborations with Mass General Brigham and Rutgers Cancer Institute [10]
Quest Diagnostics(DGX) - 2025 Q3 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-10-21 13:32
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Consolidated revenues for the third quarter were $2.82 billion, reflecting a 13.1% increase year-over-year, with organic revenues growing by 6.8% [15][17] - Reported operating income was $386 million, or 13.7% of revenues, compared to $330 million, or 13.3% of revenues last year [16] - Adjusted EPS was $2.60, up from $2.30 the prior year, while reported EPS was $2.16 compared to $1.99 a year ago [17] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Revenues for diagnostic information services increased by 13.5%, driven by organic growth across physician, hospital, and consumer channels [15] - In the physician channel, revenue grew approximately 17%, with organic growth in the high single digits [8] - The hospital channel saw low single-digit revenue growth, primarily driven by Co-Lab Solutions [9] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Total volume measured by requisitions increased by 12.5% year-over-year, with organic volume up 3.9% [15] - The consumer health business experienced strong growth, with direct channel growth between 30%-40% year-to-date [24][33] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on delivering solutions that meet the evolving needs of clinical customers and expanding into consumer life sciences and data analytics [6] - Collaborations with Corewell Health and consumer health brands are expected to support future growth [19] - The company is investing in automation and AI technologies to drive operational improvements [13] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed optimism about continued strong demand for clinical solutions and the potential for revenue growth in the consumer health segment [3][19] - The company raised its full-year 2025 guidance, expecting revenues between $10.96 billion and $11 billion [18] - Management highlighted the potential impact of PAMA reforms and the need for legislative action to avoid significant payment cuts [5][26] Other Important Information - The company received FDA Breakthrough Device designation for its Haystack MRD test, reinforcing its cancer monitoring innovation [11] - The partnership with Epic Systems for Project Nova aims to modernize the order-to-cash process over the next several years [14][75] Q&A Session Summary Question: Utilization backdrop and expectations into year-end - Management noted that raw REC volume was up 3.9%, with strong demand in various states contributing to growth [23] Question: Latest expectations on PAMA - Management indicated that while the RESULTS Act has been proposed, a delay in PAMA is more likely than its passage [26] Question: Mix performance relative to expectations - Management stated that consumer channels are performing slightly above expectations, with strong growth in wellness and episodic testing [32] Question: 4Q margins and investment impacts - Management expects elevated margins in Q4 but noted potential headwinds from increased employee health expenses and Project Nova investments [40] Question: Cash flow and one-time benefits - Management highlighted strong cash flow but noted that one-time benefits from the CARES Act and tax legislation should not be expected to repeat next year [56] Question: Consumer health momentum and partnerships - Management discussed partnerships with Whoop and Oura, emphasizing the potential for increased requisition volume through these collaborations [62] Question: Oncology initiatives and evidence generation - Management confirmed ongoing studies for the Haystack MRD test and expressed optimism about expanding indications and reimbursement [98]
Quest Diagnostics(DGX) - 2025 Q3 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-10-21 13:32
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Consolidated revenues for the third quarter were $2.82 billion, reflecting a 13.1% increase year-over-year, with organic revenues growing by 6.8% [15] - Reported operating income was $386 million, or 13.7% of revenues, compared to $330 million, or 13.3% of revenues last year; adjusted operating income was $458 million, or 16.3% of revenues, compared to $385 million, or 15.5% last year [16] - Reported EPS was $2.16, up from $1.99 a year ago; adjusted EPS was $2.60 versus $2.30 the prior year [17] - Cash from operations increased to $1.42 billion year-to-date, a 63.1% increase from $870 million in the prior year [17] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - In the physician channel, revenue grew approximately 17%, with organic revenue growth in the high single digits, driven by broad-based demand for clinical solutions [8] - Revenues in the hospital channel grew in low single digits, with COLAB Solutions contributing to growth [9] - The consumer channel saw strong double-digit growth, particularly from the questhealth.com platform and partnerships with companies like Whoop and Oura Health [10] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Total volume measured by requisitions increased by 12.5% year-over-year, with organic volume up 3.9% [15] - Revenue per requisition increased by 0.8% year-over-year, driven by an increase in the number of tests per requisition [16] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on delivering solutions that meet the evolving needs of core clinical customers and expanding into higher growth areas such as consumer life sciences and data analytics [6] - Strategic acquisitions are emphasized as key growth drivers, particularly in hospital outreach and independent labs [7] - The company announced a joint venture with Corewell Health to establish a laboratory services partnership in Michigan, which is expected to generate approximately $1 billion in annual revenues from COLAB Solutions once fully scaled [9][10] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed optimism about continued strong demand for clinical solutions and the execution of their strategy, raising the full-year 2025 guidance [3][19] - The management highlighted the potential impact of PAMA reforms and the need for legislative action to avoid significant payment cuts [5] - The company expects to continue seeing elevated utilization levels and strong performance in the consumer health channel [24] Other Important Information - The company received FDA Breakthrough Device designation for its Haystack MRD test, reinforcing its cancer monitoring innovation [11] - The partnership with Epic Systems aims to modernize the order-to-cash process, enhancing patient and provider experiences [14][75] Q&A Session Summary Question: Utilization backdrop and expectations into year-end - Management noted that raw REC volume was up 3.9%, with strong growth in autoimmune and advanced cardiometabolic testing, and expects utilization levels to continue into Q4 [23] Question: Latest expectations on PAMA - Management indicated that while the RESULTS Act has been proposed, a delay in PAMA is more likely than its passage, with a potential $100 million impact next year [26] Question: Mix performance relative to expectations - Management stated that consumer channels are performing slightly above expectations, with strong growth in episodic testing and wellness testing [32] Question: Q4 margins and Project Nova investments - Management expects elevated margins in Q4 but noted potential headwinds from increased employee health expenses and Project Nova investments [39] Question: Cash flow and one-time benefits - Management highlighted strong cash flow but noted that some one-time benefits, such as the CARES Act payment, are not expected to recur next year [56] Question: Consumer health momentum and partnerships - Management discussed partnerships with Whoop and Oura, emphasizing the potential for increased requisition volume through these collaborations [62] Question: Oncology initiatives and Haystack integration - Management confirmed that the Haystack MRD test is fully integrated and ongoing studies are expected to broaden coverage for multiple cancer indications [98]
Quest Diagnostics(DGX) - 2025 Q3 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-10-21 13:30
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Consolidated revenues for Q3 2025 were $2,820 million, reflecting a 13.1% increase year-over-year, with organic revenue growth of 6.8% [13][16] - Reported operating income was $386 million, or 13.7% of revenues, compared to $330 million, or 13.3% of revenues last year [15][16] - Adjusted EPS for the quarter was $2.60, up from $2.30 a year ago, while reported EPS was $2.16 compared to $1.99 last year [16] - Cash from operations increased to $1,420 million year-to-date, a 63.1% increase from the prior year [17] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Revenues for Diagnostic Information Services increased by 13.5%, driven by organic growth across physician, hospital, and consumer channels [13] - The physician channel saw approximately 17% revenue growth, with organic growth in the high single digits [4][5] - The hospital channel experienced low single-digit revenue growth, supported by collaborative lab solutions [6] - The consumer channel showed strong double-digit growth, particularly from the questhealth.com platform [7][8] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Total volume measured by requisitions increased by 12.5% year-over-year, with organic volume up 3.9% [13][14] - The company noted broad-based demand across clinical solutions, particularly in advanced diagnostics areas such as autoimmune and brain health [4][9] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on delivering solutions that meet the evolving needs of core clinical customers and expanding into higher growth areas like consumer health and data analytics [3][4] - Recent acquisitions are emphasized as key growth drivers, particularly in hospital outreach and independent labs [4] - The company is investing in automation and AI to improve operational efficiency and customer experience [11] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management raised the full-year 2025 guidance due to strong performance year-to-date, expecting revenues between $10,960 million and $11,000 million [17][18] - The company is optimistic about potential PAMA reforms, although the passage of the Results Act is uncertain [2][27] - Management expects continued strong demand for clinical solutions and a positive outlook for the consumer health channel [20][36] Other Important Information - The company announced a joint venture with CoreWell Health to establish lab services in Michigan, which is expected to generate approximately $1 billion in annual revenues once fully scaled [7][18] - The company is implementing Project Nova, a multi-year order to cash transformation, with significant investments expected in 2025 [11][18] Q&A Session Summary Question: Utilization backdrop and expectations into year-end - Management noted that raw requisition volume was up 3.9%, with strong growth in autoimmune and advanced cardiometabolic testing, and expects utilization levels to continue into Q4 [22][24][26] Question: Latest expectations on PAMA - Management indicated a likelihood of a PAMA delay, with a potential $100 million impact if PAMA is reinstated, but they can offset some of this impact through controlled investments [27][28] Question: Mix performance relative to expectations - Management stated that consumer channels are performing slightly above expectations, with strong growth in episodic testing and wellness testing [32][34][36] Question: Q4 margins and impacts - Management highlighted strong Q3 margins but noted elevated employee health expenses and increased investments in Project Nova as potential headwinds for Q4 [40][44] Question: Cash flow and one-time benefits - Management confirmed strong cash flow guidance of $1,800 million, noting one-time benefits from the CARES Act and recent tax legislation that may not recur in 2026 [60][62] Question: Consumer health momentum and partnerships - Management discussed partnerships with WHOOP and Aura, highlighting the potential for significant growth in the consumer health segment [68][71] Question: Oncology initiatives and Haystack integration - Management provided updates on the integration of the Haystack MRD test and ongoing studies to expand its indications, with positive market response expected [96][98][112]
Quest Diagnostics(DGX) - 2025 Q3 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-10-21 13:30
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Consolidated revenues for Q3 2025 were $2.82 billion, reflecting a 13.1% increase year-over-year, with organic revenue growth of 6.8% [13][16] - Adjusted operating income was $458 million, or 16.3% of revenues, compared to $385 million, or 15.5% of revenues in the prior year [15] - Reported EPS was $2.16, up from $1.99 a year ago, while adjusted EPS increased to $2.60 from $2.30 [16] - Cash from operations year-to-date reached $1.42 billion, a 63.1% increase compared to the prior year [16] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Revenue from diagnostic information services grew by 13.5%, driven by organic growth across physician, hospital, and consumer channels [13] - In the physician channel, revenue grew approximately 17%, with organic growth in the high single digits [7] - The hospital channel saw low single-digit revenue growth, primarily driven by COLAB Solutions [8] - The consumer channel experienced strong double-digit growth, particularly from the questhealth.com platform [9] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Total volume measured by requisitions increased by 12.5% year-over-year, with organic volume up 3.9% [14] - The company noted a benefit of approximately 50 basis points in volume due to disruptions from the previous year [14] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on delivering solutions for core clinical customers and expanding into consumer life sciences and data analytics [6] - Recent acquisitions are emphasized as key growth drivers, particularly in hospital outreach and independent labs [6] - The company announced a joint venture with Corewell Health to establish a lab services partnership in Michigan [2][8] - Project Nova aims to modernize the order-to-cash process, with significant investments expected in 2025 [12][17] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed optimism regarding the potential delay of PAMA legislation, which could mitigate a projected $100 million impact next year [26] - The company anticipates continued strong demand for clinical solutions and is raising its full-year 2025 guidance [19] - Management highlighted the importance of consumer health channels, which are expected to maintain momentum into the next year [32] Other Important Information - The company received FDA Breakthrough Device designation for its Haystack MRD test, reinforcing its cancer monitoring innovation [10] - The company is targeting 3% annual cost savings and productivity improvements through its Invigorate program [11] Q&A Session Summary Question: What are the expectations for utilization levels into year-end? - Management noted that utilization levels are expected to continue as seen in Q3, with strong growth in the consumer health business contributing to this trend [24] Question: What are the latest expectations regarding PAMA? - Management indicated that while the RESULTS Act has been proposed, a delay in PAMA is considered more likely than the act passing, with a potential $100 million impact next year [26] Question: How is the consumer health channel performing relative to expectations? - The consumer health channel is performing slightly above expectations, with strong growth in both direct and indirect channels [30] Question: Can you provide insights on the impact of Project Nova investments? - Management confirmed that there will be a ramp-up in Project Nova investments in Q4, but this is not expected to negatively impact 2026 [110] Question: What is the status of the Haystack MRD test integration? - The Haystack MRD test is fully integrated into the company, with ongoing studies and positive market response expected to enhance its presence [94][95]
Quest Diagnostics(DGX) - 2025 Q3 - Earnings Call Presentation
2025-10-21 12:30
Q3 2025 Performance Highlights - Total revenue increased by 13.1% to $2.82 billion[1, 5, 14] - Adjusted diluted EPS reached $2.60 per share[1, 14] - Operating income increased 16.8% to $386 million[14] - Adjusted operating income increased 18.9% to $458 million[14] - Net income attributable to Quest Diagnostics increased 8.5% to $245 million[14] Growth Drivers - Organic revenue growth was 6.8%[5] - Total requisition volume increased by 12.5%[14] - Organic requisition volume increased by 3.9%[14] Strategic Initiatives - Established a lab services joint venture with Corewell Health, expecting Co-Lab Solutions annual revenues to reach approximately $1 billion[6] - Announced Epic as the technology partner for Project Nova[7] 2025 Full Year Guidance - Updated net revenue guidance to $10.96 billion - $11.00 billion, representing an increase of 11.0% - 11.4%[16] - Updated adjusted diluted EPS guidance to $9.76 - $9.84[16]
Here's How Quest Diagnostics Is Placed Ahead of Q3 Earnings
ZACKS· 2025-10-14 13:40
Core Insights - Quest Diagnostics (DGX) is scheduled to release its third-quarter 2025 results on October 21, before market opening, with adjusted EPS of $2.62 in the last quarter, exceeding the Zacks Consensus Estimate by 1.95% [1] - The Zacks Consensus Estimate for Q3 2025 revenues is $2.72 billion, reflecting a 9.3% increase year-over-year, while EPS is projected to rise 9.1% to $2.51 [2] Revenue and Earnings Estimates - The revenue estimate for Q3 2025 indicates a significant growth trajectory, with a 9.3% increase from the previous year [2] - The EPS estimate suggests a 9.1% rise, indicating strong earnings potential for the quarter [2] Performance Trends - Earnings estimates for Q3 have remained stable over the past 30 days, suggesting confidence in the company's performance [3] - The company has consistently surpassed earnings estimates in the last four quarters, with an average surprise of 2.09% [1] Factors Influencing Q3 Results - The core Diagnostics Information Services (DIS) business is expected to show strong revenue growth, driven by physician and hospital channels [4] - Increased test orders per requisition and demand for clinical solutions are anticipated to sustain revenue momentum [4] - The partnership with Fresenius Medical Care is likely to enhance revenues from physician channels, supporting over 200,000 kidney dialysis patients [5] M&A Contributions - M&A activities contributed 10% growth in the previous quarter, with expectations for continued positive momentum in Q3 [6] - The acquisition of clinical testing assets from Fresenius Medical Care is projected to add a 7.1% contribution to DIS revenues [6] Strategic Developments - Collaborative Lab Solutions and strategic acquisitions are expected to drive growth in the hospital channel [7] - The enhanced questhealth.com platform and partnerships with consumer brands are likely to complement revenue growth [8] Advanced Diagnostics Performance - Robust revenues are anticipated in Advanced Diagnostics, particularly in Advanced Cardiometabolic and Brain Health areas [9] - The launch of a molecular test for diagnosing Oropouche virus is expected to positively impact revenues [10] Operational Excellence - The company is likely to continue leveraging automation, robotics, and AI to enhance operational efficiency and productivity [11] - Projected operating income (non-GAAP) is expected to increase by 21.4% year-over-year in Q3 [11] Earnings ESP and Zacks Rank - Quest Diagnostics has an Earnings ESP of +0.49%, indicating a higher chance of beating estimates [12] - The company currently holds a Zacks Rank of 3, suggesting a stable outlook [12]
DGX Stock Gains Following a New Joint Venture With Corewell Health
ZACKS· 2025-08-28 13:50
Company Overview - Quest Diagnostics (DGX) has formed a joint venture with Corewell Health, named Diagnostic Lab of Michigan, LLC, to enhance access to laboratory services in Michigan [1][9] - The joint venture will operate from a 100,000-square-foot facility featuring advanced technologies such as automated microbiology and high-throughput molecular testing [4][9] Financial Performance - DGX shares increased by 1% following the announcement, closing at $180.36 [2][9] - The company has a current market capitalization of $20.10 billion, with a projected earnings growth of 9.9% for 2025 compared to 2024 [3] Strategic Initiatives - The joint venture is part of DGX's strategy to expand in growth areas through collaborations with leading health systems, building on successful laboratory joint ventures in other regions [2] - Quest Diagnostics will provide a full range of Collaborative Lab Solutions (Co-Lab) for Corewell Health's 21 hospital labs, including reference laboratory testing and laboratory management services [5] Industry Outlook - The global clinical laboratory services market is expected to reach $286.77 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 3.82% from 2025 to 2030, driven by factors such as chronic disease prevalence and technological advancements [7][10] Recent Developments - Quest Diagnostics' Haystack MRD test for colorectal cancer has received Breakthrough Device Designation from the FDA, indicating its potential value in clinical and pharmaceutical applications [11]
Quest Diagnostics(DGX) - 2025 Q2 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-07-22 13:32
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company reported consolidated revenues of $2.76 billion, an increase of 15.2% year-over-year, with organic revenue growth of 5.2% [15][18] - Adjusted earnings per share (EPS) grew by 11.5%, with reported EPS at $2.47 compared to $2.03 a year ago, and adjusted EPS at $2.62 versus $2.35 [17][18] - Cash from operations increased by 67.1% year-over-year to $858 million [18] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Revenues for Diagnostic Information Services rose by 15.7%, driven by acquisitions and organic growth in physician and hospital channels [15] - The physician channel experienced approximately 20% revenue growth, primarily from acquisitions and high single-digit organic growth [8] - Hospital channel revenues grew in low single digits, supported by collaborative lab solutions [9] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company saw a total volume increase of 16.3% in requisitions, with organic volume up 2.1% [15] - Revenue per requisition decreased by 0.4% year-over-year, but on an organic basis, it increased by 3.3% due to more tests per requisition [16] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company aims to drive growth through innovative solutions tailored to the evolving needs of core clinical customers and expanding into consumer, life sciences, and data analytics [5][6] - Focus areas include advanced diagnostics in cardiometabolic, autoimmune, brain health, oncology, and women's health [7] - The company is investing in automation and AI technologies to enhance operational efficiency and customer experience [12][13] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management raised the full-year 2025 guidance based on strong second-quarter performance and continued utilization trends [5][20] - The company anticipates organic revenue growth of approximately 3.5% to 4% for the full year, alongside contributions from acquisitions [18][19] - Management expressed confidence in absorbing the impact of tariffs and other economic factors within their guidance [71][74] Other Important Information - The company is focused on expanding access to its consumer channel, achieving significant growth in online offerings [10] - The integration of the LifeLabs acquisition is progressing well, contributing approximately 8% to the 10% growth from M&A in the quarter [79][82] Q&A Session Summary Question: Impact of uninsured individuals due to recent legislation - Management estimates a minimal impact on volume in 2026, projecting a 30 to 40 basis point effect from potential uninsured individuals [25][29] Question: Modernization investments and margin expectations - The company expects to incur approximately $0.20 in modernization expenses, with continued margin expansion anticipated for the full year [37][39] Question: Functional medicine as a growth driver - Management indicated that functional medicine is a significant growth area, with expectations for double-digit growth moving forward [95][96] Question: Haystack MRD test progress - Positive feedback from oncologists has been received, with expectations for continued growth in the Haystack MRD business [107] Question: Wage increases and labor trends - Wage inflation is expected to remain in the 3% to 4% range, with improved employee retention aiding productivity [91][92]