Core Insights - Instacart has been utilizing a practice known as surveillance pricing, which involves charging different prices for identical items based on customer data, a method that has roots in its 2022 acquisition of Eversight, an AI pricing company [1][6][8] - A recent investigation revealed that prices for the same grocery items on Instacart can vary by up to 23% between different customers, indicating a significant level of price discrimination [3][6][12] - The pricing strategy employed by Instacart is likened to dynamic pricing models used in other industries, raising concerns about the fairness and transparency of pricing for essential goods [2][16] Pricing Variability - Consumer Reports and Groundwork Collaborative found that 75% of products had different prices for each user, with an average shopping basket showing a price variation of about 7%, potentially costing families around $1,200 annually [1][6] - Personal experiences from users indicate that price fluctuations can be substantial, with items like bacon and butter showing price differences of 19% and 52% respectively [10][11] - Instacart's pricing changes are not always aligned with typical grocery inflation, which was reported at about 2.7% over the past year, suggesting that the variability is driven by algorithmic pricing rather than market conditions [12] Algorithmic Pricing Practices - Instacart's algorithms are designed to set individualized prices based on customer data, often without the customer's knowledge, leading to a lack of transparency in pricing [6][8] - Despite claims from Instacart that their pricing tests are randomized and not based on personal characteristics, disclosures in New York indicate that personal data is indeed used to calculate fees [8][9] - The company has faced scrutiny and has temporarily halted pricing experiments at certain retailers following the investigation, although it has not fully acknowledged the extent of its algorithmic pricing practices [7][8] Legislative Response - In response to the findings, lawmakers are considering legislation to ban surveillance pricing, with the "One Fair Price Act" introduced to prevent companies from charging different prices based on personal data [16][17] - Other states, including California, Colorado, and Pennsylvania, are also exploring similar measures to protect consumers from price discrimination practices [17]