Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call on Liquid Cooling in China Industry Overview - The liquid cooling penetration rate in China is expected to rise to **35-50%** from the current **5%**, driven by government guidance on data center construction and the product requirements of new NVIDIA chips [1] - The coexistence of air cooling and liquid cooling is anticipated to continue, with air cooling maintaining a penetration rate of **50-60%** in the future, as only high-computing power GPUs require liquid cooling [1] Market Dynamics - In newly constructed AI Data Centers (AIDC), over **70%** of liquid cooling equipment is manufactured by domestic makers, with cooling distribution units (CDUs) primarily developed in collaboration between data center operators and cooling equipment suppliers [1] - The overseas market constitutes approximately **90%** of the global liquid cooling market, with Chinese manufacturers mainly supplying secondary side piping and manifolds [2] - Chinese cooling equipment makers are expected to see increased export opportunities due to better pricing and relationships with Chinese internet firms building AIDC in Southeast Asia [2] Cooling Technology Insights - Cold-plate cooling holds a market share of over **90%**, while immersion cooling is still in the trial stage with a **5-10%** market share [3] - The average data center construction cost allocates **50-60%** to the DC power supply system and **30-40%** to the cooling system, with liquid and air cooling each accounting for half of the cooling system costs [3] - The cooling system consumes only **10-30%** of the total power demand in data centers, with IT equipment being the primary consumer [3] - The expert believes that the demand for liquid cooling is mainly driven by the product requirements of advanced chips rather than government PUE requirements [3] Future Trends - The expert anticipates that immersion liquid cooling penetration will grow due to its simple design and lower risk of cooling liquid leakage and maintenance [3] - Upgrading existing air cooling systems to liquid cooling depends on the current cooling source, with pure air cooling systems facing challenges in upgrading [3] Conclusion - The liquid cooling market in China is poised for significant growth, driven by technological advancements and government support, while also facing challenges in international market penetration due to certification and cost barriers [2][3]