Investment Strategy & Market Analysis - Free cash flow is considered a crucial valuation metric, favored by investors like Warren Buffett for identifying companies generating more cash than needed for operations [2] - Traditional value investing relying on price-to-book ratios is becoming less relevant as intangible assets now constitute approximately 80-85% of assets in S&P 500 companies [4] - A portfolio based on free cash flow yield outperformed a portfolio based on value factor (determined by price-to-book) between 2000 and June 2024, returning over double the amount [5] ETF Performance & Characteristics - Pacer US Cash Cows ETF (COWZ) selects 100 companies from the Russell 1000 index with the highest free cash flow yield, currently holding approximately $21 billion in assets [7] - VictoryShares Free Cash Flow ETF (VFLO) has gathered over $26 billion in assets year-to-date, totaling $44 billion, due to its consideration of both trailing and forward-looking free cash flow [9] - Invesco NASDAQ Free Cash Flow Achievers ETF (QZ) focuses on technology companies with positive free cash flow in each of the trailing 11 years and year-over-year growth [11] - Invesco product (QZ) has shown the best performance, returning about 19% over the past year, likely due to its focus on technology stocks [15] ETF Methodologies & Holdings - Pacer's COWZ ETF portfolio is heavily weighted in healthcare (20%) and energy (19%), with top holdings including Ford, Exxon Mobil, and Chevron [9] - VictoryShares' VFLO ETF portfolio is heavily weighted in consumer discretionary, with top holdings including Qualcomm, Mercar, and United Health [11] - Invesco's QZ ETF portfolio includes top holdings like Nvidia, Meta, and Broadcom, reflecting its focus on technology companies [12]