Core Points - The IRS allows homeowners to exclude up to $250,000 in profits from capital gains taxes for single filers and $500,000 for joint filers when selling a primary residence [9] - Capital gains are calculated as the sale price minus the tax basis, which includes the purchase price and certain improvements but excludes financing costs and necessary repairs [4][5][6] - Home sale exclusions, known as Section 121 exclusions, provide significant tax breaks for homeowners, impacting their overall tax liability upon sale [9] Group 1 - The calculation of taxable capital gains involves subtracting the tax basis from the sale price [4] - The tax basis includes the original purchase price and costs of improvements but not maintenance or financing costs [5][6] - Homeowners can benefit from the home sale exclusion, which reduces taxable capital gains significantly [9] Group 2 - Examples illustrate how capital gains are calculated, showing that selling a house for $700,000 after a $525,000 cost basis results in $175,000 of potentially taxable capital gains [6] - The IRS rules on home sale exclusions are crucial for retirement planning and financial advising [3][9] - Homeowners should be aware of the specific costs that can be included in the tax basis to maximize their exclusions [8]