Core Insights - The Vanguard report indicates that 14% of workplace savers reached the maximum contribution limit in 2024, with 16% of eligible individuals making catch-up contributions and 18% utilizing Roth features, primarily among those earning over $150,000 [1][4]. Group 1: Changes in Retirement Contributions - A new "super catch-up" provision for individuals aged 60 to 63 allows contributions up to 150% of the regular catch-up amount, with the 2025 statutory employee contribution capped at $23,500 and catch-up contributions for those 50+ at $7,500, likely increasing in 2026 [4]. - High earners will be required to pay taxes on catch-up contributions and deposit them into Roth accounts, as mandated by new IRS guidance effective in 2026 [5]. Group 2: Tax Implications and Behavioral Changes - The tax burden for high earners making full super catch-up contributions could be approximately $4,000 upfront for those in the 35% tax bracket [3]. - The perception of future tax rates has shifted, with many wealthy individuals now believing they may face higher tax rates in retirement, contrary to previous assumptions [7]. - The new tax rules may discourage some individuals from making catch-up contributions, as the tax advantages of traditional 401(k) plans are diminished [8][10]. Group 3: Impact on Retirement Readiness - The ability to make catch-up contributions is primarily influenced by salary levels, with significant contributions required from those in the super catch-up zone, which may deter participation due to competing financial obligations [11]. - There is skepticism regarding widespread adoption of super catch-up contributions, as individuals often prioritize immediate financial needs over increased retirement savings [12].