The S&P 500 has been stuck in a range for the better part of four months, and investors are paying up to protect against the possibility that the next big move is down. To a growing number of strategists, that pessimism is cause to expect the opposite. The change in mood among investors, particularly the retail crowd, arrives as the S&P 500 has churned below 7,000 for most of the year, defying predictions that a breakout is imminent. There are, of course, reasons for the stagnation. Artificial intelligenc ...