Quick Read Taxable account gains face 15% capital gains tax. IRA withdrawals are taxed at 22% ordinary income rates on the full amount. Spending taxable accounts first shrinks the IRA before RMDs start at 73. This prevents IRMAA surcharges and higher tax brackets. Heirs inherit taxable accounts with stepped-up basis and pay no capital gains tax. IRA beneficiaries pay ordinary income tax on withdrawals. A recent study identified one single habit that doubled Americans’ retirement savings and moved r ...

Group 1 - The importance of saving independently for retirement is emphasized, with 401(k) plans being a convenient option due to automatic payroll deductions [1] - Many companies offering 401(k) plans also provide matching contributions, which can significantly enhance retirement savings [2] - Approximately 56 million workers in the private sector lack access to retirement benefits through their jobs, highlighting the need for alternative saving options [3] Group 2 - An Individual Retirement Account (IRA) is available to anyone with earned income, allowing for investment in individual stocks, unlike the limited options in a 401(k) [4] - Contribution limits for IRAs are lower than those for 401(k)s, with current limits set at $7,000 for individuals under 50 and $8,000 for those 50 and older, increasing in 2026 [5] - Taxable brokerage accounts can supplement IRA contributions, providing flexibility without the contribution limits and penalties associated with retirement accounts [8]

Core Insights - The article discusses the benefits of incorporating taxable accounts into retirement savings strategies, challenging conventional wisdom that prioritizes tax-advantaged accounts like 401(k)s and IRAs [1][2]. Taxable Accounts Benefits - Taxable accounts provide easier access to funds before age 59-1/2 without incurring early withdrawal penalties, offering greater liquidity compared to traditional retirement accounts [3][11]. - The IRS tax treatment of long-term capital gains is generally more favorable than regular income tax rates on retirement plan distributions, allowing for tax diversification in retirement portfolios [4][9]. - Taxable accounts can serve as a secondary emergency fund, providing liquidity for unexpected expenses without disrupting tax planning or retirement account growth [13][14]. Flexibility and Contribution Limits - Taxable accounts are beneficial for individuals without access to a 401(k) or those who have maxed out their contributions to IRAs, allowing for additional savings beyond the annual limits [7][16]. - A three-bucket approach to retirement savings, which includes taxable accounts, enhances flexibility in managing tax liabilities upon withdrawal [8][20]. Tax Efficiency Strategies - The tax efficiency of taxable accounts has improved, with broad market exchange-traded funds reducing tax drag and simulating tax deferral benefits [17][18]. - Strategic asset location can further optimize tax efficiency, with stocks placed in taxable accounts and certain dividends in tax-deferred accounts [19][20]. Conclusion - A diversified approach to retirement savings that includes taxable accounts can enhance overall financial flexibility and tax efficiency, ultimately benefiting long-term retirement planning [10][21].