IEA-2025 年全球能源回顾

Summary of Global Energy Review 2025 Industry Overview - The report focuses on the global energy sector, analyzing trends in oil, gas, coal, renewables, and nuclear power, as well as energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions [2][3][8]. Key Findings - Energy Demand Growth: Global energy demand increased by 2.2% in 2024, surpassing the average growth rate of 1.3% from 2013 to 2023. Electricity demand surged by 4.3%, driven by extreme temperatures, electrification, and digitalization [14][19][20]. - Renewables Dominance: Renewables accounted for 38% of the growth in global energy supply, followed by natural gas (28%), coal (15%), oil (11%), and nuclear (8%) [14][21]. - Regional Contributions: Emerging and developing economies contributed over 80% of global energy demand growth, with China and India leading in absolute terms. China's energy demand growth slowed to under 3%, while India saw significant increases [14][28][31]. Sector-Specific Insights - Oil Demand: Global oil demand growth slowed to 0.8% in 2024, down from 1.9% in 2023. Oil's share of total energy demand fell below 30% for the first time, reflecting a shift towards electric vehicles and alternative energy sources [14][46][49]. - Natural Gas: Natural gas demand grew by 2.7%, reaching a new all-time high, with significant contributions from emerging markets in Asia. The demand was primarily driven by industrial use and electricity generation [62][65][66]. - Coal Consumption: Global coal demand rose by 1%, primarily due to increased electricity consumption driven by high temperatures. China remained the largest coal consumer, accounting for 58% of global coal use [16][35]. - Electricity Generation: Electricity consumption increased by nearly 1,100 terawatt-hours (TWh) in 2024, with renewables and nuclear power providing 80% of the growth in global electricity generation [16][20]. Environmental Impact - CO2 Emissions: Energy-related CO2 emissions increased by 0.8% in 2024, influenced by extreme weather conditions. The deployment of clean energy technologies has prevented an estimated 2.6 billion tonnes of CO2 emissions annually [10][18][24]. - Energy Intensity: Improvements in energy intensity slowed to 1% in 2024, down from an average of 2% annually between 2010 and 2019. This slowdown is attributed to high energy demand and less efficient fuel consumption [41][42]. Additional Observations - Impact of Weather: Extreme temperatures contributed approximately 15% to the overall increase in global energy demand, significantly affecting electricity and natural gas consumption [37][38]. - Electric Vehicle Growth: Global sales of electric cars rose by over 25%, surpassing 17 million units, indicating a significant shift towards electrification in the transport sector [16][20]. This comprehensive analysis highlights the evolving dynamics of the global energy sector, emphasizing the transition towards renewable energy sources and the implications for future energy policies and investments.