全球观点：停滞增速-Global Views_ Stall Speed

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - The discussion primarily revolves around the impact of trade policies and tariffs on the U.S. economy and global markets, particularly in relation to President Trump's administration and its trade strategies [1][5][21]. Core Insights and Arguments 1. Tariff Policy Changes: - An increase in the "reciprocal" tariff rate from 10% to 15% is anticipated, while the 25% pharma tariff is expected to be delayed until after the 2026 midterm elections. This suggests an average effective tariff rate increase of about 14 percentage points in 2025, with a further rise to nearly 20% in 2026 [1][5]. 2. Inflation Impact: - The tariffs have begun to affect inflation, with estimates indicating that 60% of the tariffs implemented in February have passed through, raising the core PCE price index by 0.2%. A further 1.2% price level increase is expected, leading to a year-on-year core PCE inflation rate above 3% in the second half of the year [5][10]. 3. Consumer Spending Trends: - Real personal consumption has stagnated for six months, a rare occurrence outside of recession periods. This stagnation, coupled with a sharp decline in housing activity, has led to a downward revision of the H1 real GDP growth estimate to 1.1%, which is about a percentage point below potential [10][12]. 4. Labor Market Dynamics: - Private payroll growth has slowed significantly, with only 74,000 jobs added in June. The labor market is showing signs of weakness, with a risk of hitting "stall speed," where job creation is insufficient to maintain low unemployment rates [14][16]. 5. Monetary Policy Outlook: - The slowdown in economic activity has strengthened the case for earlier monetary policy easing. A forecast of three consecutive 25 basis point cuts is expected starting in September, bringing the funds rate down to 3.5%-3.75% by the end of 2025 [16][18]. 6. Risks to Economic Forecasts: - There are concerns regarding the independence of the Federal Reserve, which could destabilize long-term inflation expectations. A potential threat to Fed independence could arise from political pressures, particularly from the Trump administration [20][23]. 7. Global Economic Implications: - A 30% U.S. tariff on imports from Europe could reduce Euro area GDP by 0.5% by the end of 2026. However, there is cautious optimism regarding Euro area growth due to fiscal expansion in Germany and strength in Spain [21][24]. 8. China's Economic Situation: - China's GDP growth has exceeded expectations, but there are concerns about a potential "second China shock" affecting global manufacturing employment. Calls for higher trade barriers against China are likely to increase, although the effectiveness of such measures is debated [26][28]. Additional Important Insights - The report emphasizes that the current economic conditions are influenced by a combination of tariff impacts, consumer behavior, and labor market trends, which collectively shape the outlook for both the U.S. and global economies [10][14][26]. - The potential for a cyclical upturn in Germany and continued strength in Spain is noted, indicating regional variations in economic performance despite overarching global challenges [24][25].