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山水水泥(00691) - 2024 - 中期财报
2024-08-29 04:03
Financial Performance - The company reported a revenue of RMB 1.2 billion for the first half of 2024, representing a 15% increase compared to the same period last year[6]. - The net profit for the first half of 2024 was RMB 300 million, up 20% year-on-year[6]. - For the first half of 2024, the company's revenue was RMB 6,566,739,000, a decrease of 25.7% compared to RMB 8,851,107,000 in the same period of 2023[9]. - The gross profit for the first half of 2024 was RMB 623,376,000, down 48.6% from RMB 1,212,786,000 in the first half of 2023, resulting in a gross margin of 9.5% compared to 13.7%[9]. - The company reported an operating loss of RMB 500,932,000 for the first half of 2024, significantly higher than the operating loss of RMB 42,692,000 in the same period of 2023[9]. - The net loss for the reporting period was RMB 616,636,000, compared to a net loss of RMB 307,916,000 in the same period of 2023[32]. - The company reported a basic loss per share of RMB 0.12 for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to RMB 0.05 for the same period last year[82]. - The company reported a significant increase in financial expenses, totaling RMB 90,486,000 compared to RMB 118,699,000 in the previous year[83]. Production and Sales - The cement production volume reached 5 million tons, a 10% increase from the previous year[6]. - Cement sales volume decreased to 21,604,000 tons in the first half of 2024, down 6.7% from 23,149,000 tons in the first half of 2023[11]. - The average selling price of cement dropped to RMB 248.0 per ton in the first half of 2024, a decline of 18.5% from RMB 304.2 per ton in the same period of 2023[11]. - High-grade cement sales accounted for 93.5% of total cement sales, with a volume of 20,191 thousand tons, down 6.6% year-on-year[20]. - The company’s revenue from cement sales was RMB 5,358,386,000, a decrease of 24% compared to RMB 7,041,690,000 in the same period of 2023[98]. Market Strategy and Expansion - The company plans to expand its market presence in the northeastern region of China, targeting a 25% market share by 2025[6]. - New product lines, including eco-friendly cement, are expected to launch in Q3 2024, aiming for a 30% contribution to total sales by 2025[6]. - The company is exploring potential acquisitions in the cement sector to strengthen its market position[6]. - The company aims to expand its market presence by leveraging brand advantages and enhancing differentiated marketing strategies[46]. Cost Management and Efficiency - The company has allocated RMB 200 million for research and development in new technologies for cement production[6]. - The company intends to deepen cost reduction and efficiency enhancement through lean production management and strategic procurement practices[48]. - Total sales cost accounted for 90.5% of revenue, an increase of 4.2 percentage points year-on-year[24]. - The company plans to implement cost control measures to improve future cash flows from operating activities[92]. Legal and Governance Issues - The company is facing a significant liquidation petition in the Cayman Islands initiated by a shareholder, Tianrui, regarding the cancellation of certain convertible bonds issued in August and September 2018[65]. - The company has initiated legal proceedings against former directors for various injunctive reliefs and damages due to alleged misconduct[68]. - The company is currently involved in litigation with Tianrui Group regarding alleged loans, with a hearing scheduled for April 30, 2025[147]. - The company has engaged legal counsel to address the winding-up petition and is preparing to contest the claims made against it[144]. Future Outlook - The company anticipates a revenue growth of 10-15% for the full year 2024, driven by increased demand in infrastructure projects[6]. - The company expects a marginal improvement in cement demand in the second half of 2024, driven by increased infrastructure projects and disaster recovery efforts[18]. - The overall demand for cement is expected to improve in the second half of the year due to increased infrastructure projects and disaster recovery needs[45]. Corporate Governance - The company maintained high standards of corporate governance and adopted the principles and code provisions of the corporate governance code[159]. - The chairman and CEO roles were separated, with the chairman assuming CEO responsibilities until a new CEO was appointed on August 5, 2024[160]. - Several changes in the board of directors occurred, including the appointment of a new chairman and CEO on August 5, 2024[165].
山水水泥(00691) - 2024 - 中期业绩
2024-08-05 14:27
Financial Performance - Revenue for the first half of 2024 was approximately RMB 6,566,739,000, a decrease of 25.8% compared to the same period last year[1] - Operating loss for the first half of 2024 was approximately RMB 500,932,000, compared to an operating loss of RMB 42,692,000 in the same period last year[1] - Net loss attributable to shareholders for the first half of 2024 was approximately RMB 530,628,000, compared to a net loss of RMB 236,847,000 in the same period last year[1] - Basic loss per share for the first half of 2024 was RMB 0.12[1] - Gross profit for the first half of 2024 was RMB 623,376,000, a decrease from RMB 1,212,786,000 in the same period last year[2] - Total revenue for the first half of 2024 was RMB 6,566.739 million, a decrease from RMB 8,851.107 million in the first half of 2023[11] - Total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2024, was RMB 6,900,093 thousand, a decrease from RMB 9,306,450 thousand in the same period in 2023[15] - The company reported a pre-tax loss of RMB 595,219 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to a pre-tax loss of RMB 162,632 thousand in the same period in 2023[16] - Revenue from Shandong Province decreased to RMB 4,248,322 thousand in 2024 from RMB 5,903,318 thousand in 2023[15] - Revenue from the Northeast region decreased to RMB 1,658,850 thousand in 2024 from RMB 2,040,921 thousand in 2023[15] - Revenue from Shanxi Province decreased to RMB 825,765 thousand in 2024 from RMB 1,093,767 thousand in 2023[15] - Revenue from Xinjiang region remained relatively stable at RMB 167,156 thousand in 2024 compared to RMB 268,444 thousand in 2023[15] - The company's total assets decreased to RMB 28,150,037 thousand as of June 30, 2024, from RMB 30,437,018 thousand as of December 31, 2023[15] - The company's total liabilities decreased to RMB 9,174,089 thousand as of June 30, 2024, from RMB 9,118,023 thousand as of December 31, 2023[15] - The company's financial expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2024, were RMB 90,486 thousand, a decrease from RMB 118,699 thousand in the same period in 2023[20] - The company's other income for the six months ended June 30, 2024, was RMB 82,755 thousand, a decrease from RMB 95,466 thousand in the same period in 2023[18] - Total depreciation and amortization for the six months ended June 30, 2024, amounted to RMB 703,943 thousand, a decrease from RMB 744,583 thousand in the same period in 2023[21] - The company's income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2024, was RMB 21,417 thousand, compared to RMB 145,284 thousand in the same period in 2023[23] - Revenue for the reporting period was RMB 6,566,739,000, a decrease of 25.8% compared to RMB 8,851,107,000 in the same period last year, primarily due to a decline in both cement sales volume and prices[52] - Gross profit decreased to RMB 623,376,000, with a gross margin of 9.5% (2023: 13.7%), mainly due to lower cement sales volume and prices[53] - Net loss for the period was RMB 616,636,000, compared to a net loss of RMB 307,916,000 in the same period last year, driven by a significant decline in gross profit[56] - Total assets increased by 0.8% to RMB 31,006,529,000, while total equity decreased by 3.4% to RMB 17,784,447,000[57] - Net cash generated from operating activities was RMB 209,713,000, a decrease of RMB 88,326,000 year-over-year, primarily due to lower cement sales volume and prices[59] - Capital expenditures amounted to RMB 571,386,000, mainly used for intelligent production, mining resource reserves, and new cement and clinker production lines[61] - The net capital debt ratio increased to 14.8% (2023: 13.5%), driven by higher bank borrowings and a decrease in total equity[57] - Other income decreased to RMB 82,755,000 from RMB 95,466,000, mainly due to a reduction in government subsidies[54] - Sales expenses decreased by 6.2% to RMB 133,209,000, primarily due to lower cement sales volume and reduced handling and sales service fees[54] - Total assets as of June 30, 2024, amounted to 1,574,028, compared to 2,194,299 as of December 31, 2023, showing a significant decrease[62] Assets and Liabilities - Total assets as of June 30, 2024, were RMB 22,401,372,000, slightly higher than RMB 22,343,372,000 at the end of 2023[5] - Non-current assets as of June 30, 2024, included property, plant, and equipment valued at RMB 16,524,378,000[6] - Total equity as of June 30, 2024, was RMB 17,784,447,000, compared to RMB 18,403,364,000 at the end of 2023[7] - Non-current liabilities as of June 30, 2024, included bank loans due after one year amounting to RMB 1,650,210,000[7] - Accounts receivable and notes receivable as of June 30, 2024, totaled RMB 1,898,692 thousand, an increase from RMB 1,743,148 thousand as of December 31, 2023[26] - The company's restricted bank deposits as of June 30, 2024, amounted to RMB 320,180 thousand, a decrease from RMB 416,754 thousand as of December 31, 2023[30] - Total bank borrowings as of June 30, 2024, were RMB 5,521,260 thousand, an increase from RMB 5,132,457 thousand as of December 31, 2023[31] - Accounts payable increased to RMB 4,136,821 thousand as of June 30, 2024, up from RMB 3,855,229 thousand as of December 31, 2023[32] - Other payables and accrued expenses totaled RMB 2,149,302 thousand as of June 30, 2024, compared to RMB 2,069,927 thousand as of December 31, 2023[33] - Capital commitments not reflected in the financial statements amounted to RMB 719,988 thousand as of June 30, 2024, a decrease from RMB 1,275,929 thousand as of December 31, 2023[37] Legal and Litigation Matters - The company has appointed external and/or internal lawyers to handle pending litigation and reduce exposure to legal claims[8] - Legal disputes involving accounts payable amount to RMB 17,214 thousand as of June 30, 2024, with suppliers demanding immediate repayment[32] - Legal claims related to other payables amount to RMB 7,378 thousand as of June 30, 2024, down from RMB 11,811 thousand as of December 31, 2023[34] - Legal claims from service providers total RMB 51,545 thousand as of June 30, 2024, related to unpaid construction contracts and labor disputes[38] - The company is facing a winding-up petition in the Cayman Islands, with legal proceedings ongoing and an appeal pending before the Privy Council[39] - The company and its subsidiaries received a writ of summons from Tianrui Group on June 28, 2023, claiming an alleged loan amount, which the company denies and has counterclaimed against Tianrui Group[42] - The company's subsidiaries, including China Shanshui (Hong Kong) and Pioneer, are involved in a legal dispute with Tianrui Group, with a hearing for the consolidation and strike-out summons scheduled for April 30, 2025[43] - The Grand Court ruled on October 17, 2023, and October 26, 2023, regarding the scope of evidence disclosure in the Cayman Petition, with further trial schedules yet to be determined[41] - The company is involved in non-material litigation as of June 30, 2024, but management believes these cases will not have a significant impact on the company's financial position[44] Industry and Market Conditions - The cement industry in the first half of 2024 experienced a "continuous decline in demand, low price fluctuations, and sustained industry losses" due to the ongoing adjustment in the real estate sector and slowing infrastructure investment growth[45] - National cement demand continued to decline significantly in the first half of 2024, with cumulative cement production of 850 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 10%, and a reduction of 100 million tons compared to the same period last year[46] - The company's cement and clinker sales totaled 24,631,000 tons in the first half of 2024, a year-on-year decrease of 8.8%, and revenue was RMB 6,566,739,000, a year-on-year decrease of 25.8%[50] - The average national cement market price in the first half of 2024 was RMB 367 per ton, a year-on-year decrease of RMB 54 per ton, or 13%[48] - The company's cement production capacity was 97.73 million tons, clinker production capacity was 50.12 million tons, and commercial concrete production capacity was 1.91 million cubic meters as of June 30, 2024[50] - The Shandong region accounted for 60.0% of the company's sales revenue in the first half of 2024, a decrease of 28.3% compared to the same period last year[51] - The Northeast operating region accounted for 24.9% of the company's sales revenue in the first half of 2024, a decrease of 18.4% compared to the same period last year[51] - The Shanxi operating region accounted for 12.6% of the company's sales revenue in the first half of 2024, a decrease of 24.0% compared to the same period last year[51] - The Xinjiang operating region accounted for 2.5% of the company's sales revenue in the first half of 2024, a decrease of 37.7% compared to the same period last year[51] - The cement market faced severe challenges in the first half of 2024, with declining prices and increased competition, leading to industry-wide losses[63] Strategic Initiatives and Future Outlook - The company has implemented cost control measures and other comprehensive policies to increase net cash inflows from operating activities in the coming years[8] - The company expects no significant difficulties in renewing short-term revolving bank loans based on past experience and current communication with banks[8] - The company expects industry profitability to improve in the second half of 2024, with a potential turnaround in the third quarter and growth in the fourth quarter[49] - The company expects improved cement demand in the second half of 2024 due to increased government bond issuance and post-disaster reconstruction needs[64] - The company plans to strictly implement peak-shifting production to optimize market supply and demand[65] - The company aims to expand its market by focusing on differentiated marketing and leveraging digital technologies, including e-commerce platforms[65] - The company will continue to reduce costs through lean production management and optimized procurement strategies[65] - The company will strengthen risk control measures, including safety production, quality management, and compliance with energy and environmental policies[65] Corporate Governance and Management - The company has maintained high standards of corporate governance and adopted the principles of the Corporate Governance Code[66] - The roles of Chairman and CEO were combined during the reporting period until May 31, 2024, due to the difficulty in finding a qualified candidate for both roles[66] - Mr. Teng Yongjun was appointed as Chairman and CEO on August 5, 2024, following the resignation of Mr. Li Huibao[67] - The Audit Committee reviewed the unaudited interim results and discussed risk management and internal controls with management[69] - No significant events affecting the company have occurred since June 30, 2024[70] - The interim results announcement is available on the Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited website and the company's website[70] Financial Instruments and Risk Management - The company has applied revised International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for the first time in the reporting period, with no significant impact on current or prior financial performance[10] - The revised IFRS 7 and IAS 7 will require additional disclosures related to supplier financing arrangements, affecting the company's 2024 annual financial statements[10] - The company does not use financial instruments to hedge foreign exchange risks, as most sales and purchases are denominated in RMB[63] Dividends and Share Transactions - No interim dividend will be declared for the six months ending June 30, 2024[66] - The company did not purchase, sell, or redeem any of its listed securities during the reporting period[66] Employee and Subsidiary Information - The company had 15,149 employees as of June 30, 2024[63] - The company sold a 70% stake in Guangrao Shanshui Cement Co., Ltd. for RMB 26,295,000 on March 19, 2024, with no significant impact on financial operations[63]
山水水泥(00691) - 2023 - 年度业绩
2024-03-15 08:30
Financial Performance - The company's operating revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023, was RMB 18,116,387 thousand, a decrease of 15.5% compared to RMB 21,488,959 thousand in 2022[5]. - Gross profit for the year was RMB 1,912,607 thousand, down 51.0% from RMB 3,899,098 thousand in the previous year[5]. - The company reported a net loss of RMB 1,050,106 thousand for the year, compared to a profit of RMB 763,840 thousand in 2022, indicating a significant decline in profitability[5]. - Basic and diluted loss per share for the year was RMB 0.20, compared to earnings of RMB 0.17 per share in the previous year[5]. - The company's total comprehensive expenditure and income for the year amounted to a net loss of RMB 998,149 thousand against an income of RMB 712,745 thousand[15]. - The company's net assets as of December 31, 2023, were RMB 18,403,364 thousand, down from RMB 19,432,600 thousand in 2022[30]. - The company reported a total equity attributable to shareholders of RMB 18,329,334 thousand, compared to RMB 19,161,336 thousand in the previous year[30]. - The net loss attributable to shareholders for 2023 was RMB (883,959) thousand, compared to a profit of RMB 755,411 thousand in 2022[157]. Assets and Liabilities - Total assets less current liabilities amounted to RMB 20,037,834 thousand, a decrease from RMB 21,019,193 thousand in 2022[12]. - The total current liabilities increased to RMB 10,735,580 thousand from RMB 9,409,619 thousand in the previous year, indicating a rise in financial obligations[12]. - As of December 31, 2023, the company's non-current liabilities included bank loans due after one year totaling RMB 800,310 thousand, a decrease from RMB 835,000 thousand in 2022[30]. - The total assets reported for 2023 were RMB 29,663,023 thousand, a decrease from RMB 30,452,079 thousand in 2022[113]. - The company's cash and cash equivalents decreased to RMB 1,743,148 thousand in 2023 from RMB 1,763,731 thousand in 2022[133]. - Total liabilities increased to RMB 12,370,050 thousand in 2023 from RMB 12,097,593 thousand in 2022[114]. Operational Strategies - The company aims to enhance financial control and reduce costs through stricter budget constraints and process controls[6]. - There is a focus on improving the management of accounts receivable to enhance asset liquidity and recovery rates[6]. - The company plans to prioritize resource allocation towards key projects, particularly in environmental protection and efficiency improvements[6]. - The company is actively working on measures to address operational losses and improve profitability through targeted restructuring efforts[7]. - The company plans to adopt a strategy of staggered production to reduce losses, rather than a blanket low-price strategy due to stable market demand[14]. - Key strategies for 2024 include strengthening standardized management, precise investment, and enhancing sustainable development capabilities[33]. - Cost reduction and efficiency enhancement will be prioritized, with a focus on risk prevention and sustainable survival capabilities[35]. - The company will implement a "Management Improvement Year" initiative to enhance operational management and efficiency across various dimensions[38]. - The company plans to optimize production organization and data management to achieve cost reduction and efficiency[39]. - Procurement strategies will focus on reducing costs through benchmarking and enhancing supplier evaluation mechanisms[40]. Market Outlook - The cement market is expected to face significant challenges in 2024, with insufficient demand and high production capacity, making substantial improvement in supply-demand relationships unlikely[14]. - The company anticipates a challenging outlook for the cement industry in 2024, focusing on stability and quality improvement to enhance competitiveness[32]. - The company plans to maintain its focus on market expansion and new product development to drive future growth[110]. - The company faced a decline in cement production growth, with cumulative production growth turning negative in the first half of 2023 due to weak market demand and adverse weather conditions[176]. - The company acknowledged that the cement market recovery was weaker than expected in 2023, with production growth continuing to decline in the latter half of the year[176]. Corporate Governance - The company has maintained high standards of corporate governance and has complied with the corporate governance code throughout the reporting period[19]. - The independent non-executive directors have sufficient channels to communicate with the chairman regarding company affairs, ensuring effective governance[22]. - The audit committee has discussed and reviewed the preliminary announcement of the company's performance with the current management[24]. - The company has not appointed a CEO; the responsibilities are currently held by the chairman, which is seen as a necessary arrangement given the complexity of the business[20]. Legal Matters - The company is currently involved in a significant legal case regarding a winding-up petition filed by a shareholder, which is pending court resolution[193]. - The company is awaiting further court decisions regarding the ongoing litigation and evidence disclosure related to the winding-up petition[171]. - The company received a court order on May 27, 2019, regarding the cancellation of certain convertible bonds issued in August and September 2018, and subsequent conversions and share allocations[194]. - The appeal by Tianrui against the court's decision is still pending and has not yet been heard[195]. - The High Court included China National Materials and Asia Cement as respondents in a petition on January 27, 2021[196]. - A hearing took place on May 23, 2022, with further submissions made on February 3, 2023, regarding document disclosure issues[198]. - Tianrui Group claims to have provided loans to the company and others, with the alleged outstanding amount detailed in a July 18, 2023 announcement[199]. - China National Water Group denies Tianrui's claim for loan repayment and countersues for damages caused by alleged collusion from 2015 to 2018[200]. - The counterclaim is based on a previous lawsuit filed in 2019 against Tianrui and others[200]. - China National Water Group intends to apply for the consolidation of this lawsuit with a previous High Court case[200].
山水水泥(00691) - 2023 - 中期财报
2023-08-31 10:50
Financial Performance - Total sales cost for the reporting period was RMB 7,638,321,000, accounting for 86.3% of revenue, an increase of 7.4 percentage points year-on-year [2]. - Gross profit for the six months ended June 30, 2023, was RMB 1,212,786,000, with a gross margin of 13.7%, down from 21.1% in 2022 [5]. - Net loss for the group was RMB 307,916,000, a decrease of RMB 779,987,000 compared to a net profit of RMB 472,071,000 in the same period last year [13]. - Operating revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2023, was RMB 8,851,107 thousand, a decrease of 12.6% from RMB 10,131,698 thousand in the same period of 2022 [141]. - Gross profit for the same period was RMB 1,212,786 thousand, down 43.1% from RMB 2,135,955 thousand year-on-year [141]. - Basic and diluted loss per share was RMB 0.05, compared to earnings of RMB 0.11 per share in the same period of 2022 [141]. - The company reported a net loss of RMB 236,847,000 for the current period, with total expenses amounting to RMB 243,438,000 [153]. - The company experienced an operating loss of RMB 42,692 thousand, compared to an operating profit of RMB 822,768 thousand in the first half of 2022, reflecting a significant decline in operating performance [181]. Assets and Liabilities - Total assets increased by approximately 3.6% to RMB 32,582,419,000 as of June 30, 2023 [15]. - Total liabilities rose to RMB 13,404,489 thousand, up from RMB 12,024,674 thousand at the end of 2022 [183]. - The net capital debt ratio increased to 9.9% as of June 30, 2023, from 7.1% at the end of 2022, mainly due to increased bank borrowings [15]. - Non-current liabilities decreased to RMB 1,379,830 thousand from RMB 1,586,593 thousand at the end of 2022, showing a reduction in long-term debt [149]. - The company’s net assets as of June 30, 2023, were RMB 19,177,930 thousand, down from RMB 19,432,600 thousand at the end of 2022 [149]. Cash Flow - The net cash generated from operating activities for the first half of 2023 was RMB 505,994,000, a year-on-year decrease of RMB 756,401,000, primarily due to a decline in cement prices leading to reduced revenue [30]. - The net cash used in investing activities was RMB 1,118,760,000, a decrease of RMB 232,137,000 year-on-year, mainly due to reduced capital expenditures for new cement and clinker production lines and technological upgrades [31]. - The net cash generated from financing activities increased to RMB 1,650,068,000, up RMB 1,179,932,000 year-on-year, primarily due to an increase in short-term borrowings [32]. - The overall cash flow from operations, investments, and financing activities resulted in a net change in cash and cash equivalents of RMB 1,037,302,000 for the period [30]. - The total cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2023, stood at RMB 3,183,403,000, compared to RMB 1,794,124,000 at the same time last year [30]. Market and Industry Outlook - The outlook for the second half of 2023 anticipates a potential recovery in the real estate market due to favorable policies, which may support cement demand [49]. - The cement industry is expected to accelerate supply-side reforms under the "dual carbon" and "dual control" policies, leading to a healthier and more stable industry ecosystem [49]. - The overall cement market in China showed weak demand, with a significant decline in real estate investment by 7.9% year-on-year [186]. Strategic Initiatives - The company aims to maintain price stability and reduce inventory through production adjustments in response to the challenging market conditions [49]. - The company plans to focus on market expansion by implementing differentiated marketing strategies tailored to local and timely demands, aiming to develop low-carbon and low-magnetic building materials to penetrate both traditional and emerging markets [50]. - The company aims to enhance cost reduction through refined management practices, focusing on production management, procurement strategies, and expense management to improve operational efficiency and reduce unnecessary expenditures [50]. - The company is focusing on cost management strategies to improve profitability in the upcoming quarters [154]. - The company has plans for market expansion and new product development to enhance revenue streams [154]. Shareholder Information - As of June 30, 2023, the company's total issued shares amount to 4,353,966,228 [67]. - Major shareholders include Li Liufa and Li Fenglan, each holding 951,462,000 shares, representing 21.85% of the total shares [61]. - China Shanshui Investment Company Limited holds 847,908,316 shares, accounting for 19.47% of the total shares [61]. - Asia Cement Corporation and its subsidiaries collectively hold 428,393,000 shares, representing 9.84% of the total shares [61]. - The company has pledged a total of 951,462,000 shares to Bohai Bank as collateral for loans [64]. Legal and Compliance Issues - The company is facing a winding-up petition in the Cayman Islands, initiated by a shareholder, Tianrui, with ongoing legal proceedings [93]. - The company has been denied the approval to pay the final dividend for the year ended December 31, 2021, as per the court's ruling on March 31, 2023 [97]. - The company is involved in significant litigation against former directors regarding alleged misconduct and damages claims [99]. - The company has received a court summons from Tianrui Group regarding loan repayment, which may impact financial obligations [122]. Employee and Training Initiatives - The company has a workforce of 16,592 employees as of June 30, 2023, and emphasizes the importance of technical training to enhance employee skills and performance [53].
山水水泥(00691) - 2023 - 中期业绩
2023-08-04 14:44
Financial Performance - For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the company's revenue was RMB 8,851,107,000, a decrease of RMB 1,280,591,000 or approximately 12.6% compared to RMB 10,131,698,000 in the same period of 2022[17]. - The company's net loss for the reporting period was RMB 307,916,000, compared to a net profit of RMB 472,071,000 in the same period of 2022[21]. - The gross profit for the six months ended June 30, 2023, was RMB 1,212,786,000, with a gross margin of 13.7%, down from 21.1% in 2022[18]. - The operating loss for the period was RMB 42,692,000, compared to an operating profit of RMB 822,768,000 in the same period of 2022[58]. - The net loss attributable to shareholders for the first half of 2023 was approximately RMB 236,847,000, compared to a profit of RMB 480,364,000 in the same period last year[73]. - The basic loss per share for the first half of 2023 was RMB 0.05[74]. - The company reported a total revenue of RMB 9,306,450,000 for the first half of 2023, compared to RMB 10,792,029,000 for the same period in 2022, indicating a decrease of about 13.7%[146]. - The gross profit for the first half of 2023 was RMB 107,264,000, a significant drop from RMB 1,164,661,000 in the first half of 2022, reflecting a decline of approximately 90.8%[146]. Market Conditions - The average price of cement in the national market for the first half of 2023 was RMB 421 per ton, a decrease of RMB 78 per ton or about 16% year-on-year[13]. - The company faced a significant decline in cement prices, with some regions seeing prices drop below cost levels due to high inventory and weak demand[11]. - The average monthly cement market price in June 2023 fell to RMB 393 per ton, the lowest monthly price since 2018[13]. - Cement prices have reached new lows, reflecting a weak market demand[175]. - The real estate market continued to experience a downturn, with a 7.9% year-on-year decline in investment by real estate development enterprises[174]. - The overall cement market demand is expected to be better in the second half of 2023, with a potential recovery in profitability, although total annual profit is projected to be lower than last year[176]. Assets and Liabilities - As of June 30, 2023, the total assets increased by approximately 3.6% to about RMB 32,582,419,000, compared to RMB 31,457,274,000 as of December 31, 2022[22]. - The company's total liabilities as of June 30, 2023, were RMB 12,641,998,000, an increase from RMB 8,397,613,000 as of December 31, 2022[146]. - Current liabilities increased to RMB 12,024,659,000 from RMB 10,438,081,000 year-over-year[64]. - The total equity as of June 30, 2023, was RMB 19,177,930,000, down from RMB 19,432,600,000 as of December 31, 2022[82]. - The total equity attributable to shareholders of the company was RMB 18,988,967,000 as of June 30, 2023, slightly down from RMB 19,161,336,000 at the end of 2022[105]. Cash Flow and Financing - The company's investment activities resulted in a net cash outflow of RMB 1,118,760,000, a decrease of RMB 232,137,000 year-on-year, primarily due to reduced capital expenditures for new cement and clinker production lines[24]. - The net cash generated from financing activities was RMB 1,650,068,000, an increase of 250.5% compared to RMB 470,136,000 in the previous period, primarily due to increased short-term borrowings[40]. - Operating cash flow generated a net amount of RMB 505,994,000, a decrease of RMB 756,401,000 compared to the previous year, mainly due to falling cement prices leading to reduced revenue[186]. - The company’s liquidity position showed no bank loan repayment defaults as of June 30, 2023[162]. Operational Efficiency - The company plans to enhance cost management by focusing on production management, procurement management, and expense management to improve operational efficiency[29]. - The group aims to enhance internal management to improve operational quality and sustainable profitability[177]. - The group reported a sales cost for the reporting period of RMB 7,638,321,000, a decrease from RMB 7,995,743,000 in 2022, primarily due to lower raw material, coal, and electricity costs[181]. - Selling expenses decreased by 10.3% from RMB 158,356,000 to RMB 142,057,000, mainly due to reduced employee compensation and business entertainment expenses[183]. Future Outlook - The outlook for the second half of the year suggests potential recovery in the real estate market due to favorable policies, which may support cement demand[28]. - The company expects higher demand for cement products in the second half of the year due to the construction season starting in the second quarter[147]. - The national infrastructure investment maintained a high growth level, which provided important support for cement demand[174]. Employee and Corporate Governance - The company had 16,592 employees as of June 30, 2023, providing various insurance and retirement benefits in accordance with applicable laws[26]. - The company did not recommend any interim dividend for the six months ended June 30, 2023, following the rejection of the 2021 final dividend proposal by the High Court[130]. - The company has not engaged in any significant acquisitions or disposals during the reporting period[43]. - The company continues to engage in negotiations with suppliers regarding the settlement of certain claims, with outcomes currently uncertain[165]. - The company has not identified any other significant unresolved litigation or claims that could threaten its financial position as of June 30, 2023[173].
山水水泥(00691) - 2022 - 年度财报
2023-04-19 10:35
Financial Performance - The company's operating revenue for 2022 was RMB 21,488,959,000, a decrease of 12.5% from RMB 24,659,544,000 in 2021[7] - Gross profit for 2022 was RMB 4,229,850,000, with a gross margin of 19.7%, down from 29.4% in 2021[7] - Net profit attributable to equity holders was RMB 748,702,000, a significant decline from RMB 2,777,298,000 in the previous year[7] - The company reported a basic earnings per share of RMB 0.17 for 2022, compared to RMB 0.64 in 2021[7] - The company's cash flow from operating activities was RMB 2,658,434,000, down from RMB 3,553,072,000 in 2021[11] Production and Sales - Cement sales volume decreased to 47,570,000 tons in 2022, compared to 55,832,000 tons in 2021, reflecting a decline of 14.7%[12] - The average selling price of cement remained stable at RMB 360.8 per ton, slightly up from RMB 360.7 per ton in 2021[12] - The sales volume of high-grade cement was 44,427,000 tons, a decrease of 14.7% compared to 52,099,000 tons in the previous year, while low-grade cement sales volume decreased by 15.8% to 3,143,000 tons[178][180] - The company reported a decrease in external sales of cement, clinker, and concrete by 8,262,000 tons, 727,000 tons, and 225,000 tons respectively, with declines of 14.8%, 8.7%, and 6.3% year-on-year[178] Market Conditions - In 2022, China's national cement production was 2.12 billion tons, a decrease of 10.8% year-on-year, marking the lowest output since 2012 and the largest decline since 1969[96] - The average market price of cement in 2022 was RMB 466 per ton, down 4.2% year-on-year, with prices returning to 2017 levels despite significant increases in manufacturing costs due to rising coal prices[101] - The demand for cement throughout 2022 was characterized as "sluggish," with seasonal demand patterns becoming less distinct, leading to a situation where peak seasons were not strong and off-peak seasons were even weaker[100][103] Operational Strategy - The company is actively pursuing a diversified business model, expanding beyond cement to include aggregates, concrete, and prefabricated building components[16] - The company’s operational strategy includes a focus on expanding its market share through the development of new products and technologies[49] - Future strategies may include potential market expansion and the development of new technologies to enhance production capabilities[53] - The overall operational strategy emphasizes maintaining a balance between production capacity and market demand to optimize profitability[53] Corporate Structure and Governance - The company holds 100% ownership of China Shanshui (Hong Kong) and Pioneer Cement, which in turn owns 100% of Shandong Shanshui, indicating a solid corporate structure[47] - The company is committed to maintaining high standards of corporate governance and transparency in its operations[39] - The company has established a robust financial reporting structure, with comprehensive financial statements available for stakeholder review[40] Financial Position - Total assets increased to RMB 31,457,274,000 in 2022, up from RMB 28,963,687,000 in 2021[8] - The net debt-to-equity ratio increased to 7.1% in 2022, compared to 5.6% in 2021, indicating a rise in financial leverage[8] - The net cash generated from financing activities for the year was RMB 1,047,726,000, an increase compared to RMB 1,439,860,000 in the previous year, primarily due to increased net inflow from bank borrowings[143] Production Capacity - As of December 31, 2022, the total cement production capacity of the group was 91,950 thousand tons, and the clinker production capacity was 50,220 thousand tons, showing a decrease of 2,840 thousand tons in cement capacity and 252 thousand tons in clinker capacity compared to 2021[53] - The Shandong region accounted for the largest share of cement capacity at 48,630 thousand tons, down from 51,470 thousand tons in 2021, representing a decrease of approximately 5.5%[53] - The company operates multiple production facilities across various provinces, including Shandong, Liaoning, and Xinjiang, ensuring proximity to limestone mines and cement grinding production lines[52] Future Outlook - The company plans to focus on expanding its market presence and enhancing operational efficiency in response to the challenging market conditions[95] - The company is exploring potential acquisitions to strengthen its position in the Northeast region, targeting a 15% market share increase[200] - Future guidance indicates a projected revenue growth of 20% for the upcoming quarter, driven by new product launches and market expansion strategies[200]
山水水泥(00691) - 2022 - 年度业绩
2023-03-15 14:42
Financial Performance - The company's revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022, was RMB 21,488,959, a decrease of 12.5% compared to RMB 24,659,544 in 2021[3] - The operating profit for 2022 was RMB 1,464,033, down 65.1% from RMB 4,198,280 in 2021[3] - The net profit for the year was RMB 757,131, a decline of 73.8% from RMB 2,894,847 in the previous year[4] - Basic and diluted earnings per share for 2022 were both RMB 0.17, compared to RMB 0.64 in 2021, reflecting a decrease of 73.4%[3] - The company reported a total comprehensive income of RMB 706,036 for 2022, down from RMB 2,905,926 in 2021[6] - The profit attributable to equity holders for 2022 was approximately RMB 2,777,298,000, a decrease of 73.0% compared to 2021[30] - The consolidated revenue for 2022 was RMB 21,488,959 thousand, down from RMB 24,659,544 thousand in 2021, indicating a decrease of about 12.3%[83] - The reported segment profit for 2022 was RMB 1,823,668 thousand, significantly lower than RMB 4,795,255 thousand in 2021, reflecting a decline of approximately 62.0%[83] - The consolidated pre-tax profit for 2022 was RMB 1,297,955 thousand, compared to RMB 4,004,183 thousand in 2021, marking a decrease of around 67.6%[83] Assets and Liabilities - Total assets as of December 31, 2022, were RMB 21,019,193, an increase from RMB 19,620,545 in 2021[13] - The company's current liabilities included bank loans due within one year amounting to RMB 2,780,603, an increase from RMB 2,392,750 in 2021[7] - Non-current assets, including property, plant, and equipment, increased to RMB 16,963,357 from RMB 15,963,349 in 2021[14] - The company's net assets as of December 31, 2022, were RMB 19,434,877, up from RMB 18,753,882 in the previous year[16] - The total assets as of 2022 amounted to RMB 30,379,160 thousand, an increase from RMB 28,071,296 thousand in 2021, representing a growth of about 8.2%[86] - The total liabilities for 2022 were RMB 7,632,262 thousand, up from RMB 6,707,062 thousand in 2021, indicating an increase of approximately 13.8%[87] Sales and Production - The sales volume of cement was 17,161,832 tons in 2022, compared to 20,137,864 tons in 2021[25] - The sales volume of clinker was 2,337,728 tons in 2022, slightly down from 2,381,060 tons in 2021[25] - The sales volume of concrete was 1,403,513 tons in 2022, compared to 1,509,257 tons in 2021[25] - Cement production for 2022 was 55,205,000 tons, a decrease of 14.0% compared to the previous year[147] - The average cement market price for 2022 was RMB 466 per ton, down 4.2% year-on-year[143] - The cement industry profit for 2022 is estimated to be around RMB 68 billion, a decrease of over RMB 100 billion or approximately 60% year-on-year[145] Expenses and Costs - The group's cost of sales was RMB 17,259,109,000, a slight decrease from RMB 17,399,995,000 in 2021, mainly attributed to reduced sales volume of cement clinker[150] - Financial expenses for the year were RMB 163,444, a decrease from RMB 231,734 in 2021, indicating improved cost management[3] - The company reported a net interest expense of RMB 118,759,000 for 2022, down from RMB 187,792,000 in 2021, showing a decrease of about 37%[118] - The company's depreciation and amortization expense of RMB 1,476,911 thousand in 2022, compared to RMB 1,425,507 thousand in 2021, reflecting an increase of approximately 3.6%[83] - The company's employee benefits, including salaries and bonuses, totaled RMB 2,196,506,000 in 2022, slightly up from RMB 2,188,256,000 in 2021[122] Market Conditions and Challenges - The company faced significant challenges due to strict pandemic control measures, impacting construction projects and overall market demand[144] - The cement market in 2022 was characterized by weak demand throughout the year, with seasonal patterns becoming less distinct, leading to a situation where peak seasons were not strong and off-peak seasons were even weaker[167] - The industry is facing severe overcapacity issues, with significant supply pressure and high inventory levels[198] - The implementation of staggered production policies has shown limited effectiveness in alleviating market supply pressure due to rapid demand decline[198] Future Outlook and Strategies - The company plans to implement new strategies to address the ongoing challenges in the cement market, focusing on cost control and operational efficiency improvements[167] - The outlook for 2023 indicates a stable demand for cement, with expectations of a gradual recovery in the real estate market, although overall downward pressure remains[193] - The probability of a significant decline in demand in 2023 is low, suggesting improved industry profitability compared to 2022[195] - The company plans to enhance internal management to improve operational quality and sustainable profitability in 2023[174] Government Support and Grants - Government grants received were RMB 202,196 thousand in 2022, down from RMB 283,140 thousand in 2021, a decrease of around 28.6%[61] - The company has received government loans for the construction of an environmentally friendly production line, which have been fully repaid in the current year[109]
山水水泥(00691) - 2022 - 中期财报
2022-09-01 11:20
Financial Performance - For the first half of 2022, the company reported revenue of RMB 10,131.7 million, a decrease of 2.5% compared to RMB 10,392.0 million in the same period of 2021[6]. - Gross profit for the same period was RMB 2,304.4 million, down 22.9% from RMB 2,994.3 million, resulting in a gross margin of 22.7%, compared to 28.8% in 2021[6]. - Operating profit decreased to RMB 822.8 million, representing an operating margin of 8.1%, down from 16.2% in the previous year[6]. - The net profit attributable to equity holders was RMB 477.0 million, a decline of 60.4% from RMB 1,203.5 million in the first half of 2021[6]. - Basic earnings per share for the first half of 2022 were RMB 0.11, compared to RMB 0.28 in the previous year[6]. - The net profit for the first half of 2022 was RMB 468,716,000, representing a significant decline of 62.5% compared to the previous year[12]. - Operating revenue was RMB 10,131,698 thousand, a decrease of 2.5% compared to RMB 10,392,021 thousand in the same period of 2021[100]. - The reported segment profit for the six months ended June 30, 2022, was RMB 1,164,661 thousand, down from RMB 1,905,042 thousand in the same period of 2021, indicating a decrease of about 38.8%[116]. Assets and Liabilities - The company’s total assets as of June 30, 2022, were RMB 30,973.0 million, an increase from RMB 28,963.7 million at the end of 2021[7]. - Total liabilities rose to RMB 11,771.8 million from RMB 10,209.8 million, resulting in a net debt-to-equity ratio of 6.0%, up from 5.6%[7]. - As of June 30, 2022, the company's total liabilities reflect a strategic focus on managing financial obligations effectively amidst ongoing market challenges[145]. - The company's total equity attributable to shareholders rose to RMB 18,936,357 thousand from RMB 18,488,234 thousand, an increase of 2.42%[104]. - The company's net assets increased to RMB 19,201,243 thousand from RMB 18,753,882 thousand, marking a growth of 2.38%[103]. Cash Flow and Financing - Cash generated from operating activities was RMB 1,262.4 million, down from RMB 2,021.0 million in the same period last year[6]. - The net cash flow from operating activities for the first half of 2022 was RMB 1,262,395,000, a decrease of RMB 758,570,000 compared to RMB 2,020,965,000 in the same period of 2021[42]. - The net cash generated from financing activities was RMB 470,136 thousand, compared to a net cash used of RMB (935,588) thousand in the same period of 2021[106]. - The company borrowed RMB 2,292,000 thousand in financing activities, significantly up from RMB 912,000 thousand in the same period of 2021[106]. Market and Sales Performance - In the first half of 2022, the company's cement sales volume decreased by 15.7% to 21,192 thousand tons compared to the same period in 2021[20]. - The average selling price of cement increased by 16.2% to RMB 393.0 per ton, while the average selling price of clinker rose by 26.8% to RMB 334.0 per ton[21]. - The overall cement market in China faced significant challenges, including demand contraction and rising costs due to external factors like the Russia-Ukraine crisis[9]. - High-grade cement sales decreased by 14.9% to 19,907 thousand tons, while low-grade cement sales decreased by 26.4% to 1,285 thousand tons compared to the same period last year[26][27]. - The company expects higher demand for cement products in the second half of the year due to the construction season starting in the second quarter[117]. Operational Strategy and Future Plans - The company is focusing on expanding its market presence and enhancing operational efficiency to improve profitability in the future[6]. - New product development and technological advancements are being prioritized to meet market demands and drive growth[6]. - The company aims to enhance internal management to improve production quality and sustainable profitability[12]. - The company plans to enhance customer service, expand the market, and stabilize prices to increase sales in the second half of the year[56]. - The company aims to strengthen production management and optimize production technology to reduce costs and improve efficiency[56]. Legal and Governance Issues - The company is facing a winding-up petition in the Cayman Islands, initiated by a shareholder, Tianrui, and has engaged legal counsel to address this matter[74]. - The company has been involved in significant litigation in Hong Kong against former directors, seeking various injunctive relief and damages due to alleged misconduct[81]. - The company has faced multiple court hearings regarding the winding-up petition and related claims, with a case management hearing scheduled for November 22, 2022[79]. - The company has ongoing litigation related to the acquisition of Liaocheng Meijing Zhongyuan Cement Co., with a payable amount of RMB 30,678 thousand as of June 30, 2022[143]. - The group is currently facing a winding-up petition in the Cayman Islands, initiated by a shareholder, Tianrui (International) Holdings Limited, and has engaged legal counsel for this matter[156]. Employee and Management Information - The company has 17,699 employees as of June 30, 2022, and emphasizes training for technical talent to improve work performance[57]. - Executive Director Li Huibao ceased to serve as President of Shandong Shanshui Cement Group Co., Ltd. since March 22, 2022[172]. - Li Huibao's annual basic salary is RMB 3.6 million, with bonuses based on performance indicators and assessment results calculated from this base salary[172]. - Key management personnel compensation for the six months ended June 30, 2022, was RMB 5,256,000, a decrease of 6.5% from RMB 5,623,000 in the same period of 2021[166]. Related Party Transactions - The total amount of related party transactions under the framework agreements with China National Building Material Group was RMB 619,199 thousand, with an annual cap of RMB 2,592,725 thousand[96]. - The group reported significant related party transactions, including sales of RMB 10,886,000 to subsidiaries of major shareholders, down 71.5% from RMB 38,322,000 in the same period of 2021[162]. - Mining service fees paid to subsidiaries of major shareholders amounted to RMB 250,060,000, up 17.3% from RMB 212,933,000 in the prior period[162].
山水水泥(00691) - 2021 - 年度财报
2022-04-21 10:26
Financial Performance - The company reported a total revenue of RMB 10.5 billion for the fiscal year 2021, representing a year-on-year increase of 15%[1] - The net profit for the year was RMB 1.2 billion, which is a 20% increase compared to the previous year[1] - Total revenue for 2021 reached RMB 24,659,544 thousand, an increase of 8.5% compared to RMB 20,891,454 thousand in 2020[7] - Gross profit for 2021 was RMB 7,259,549 thousand, with a gross margin of 29.4%, down from 33.3% in 2020[7] - Net profit attributable to equity holders was RMB 2,777,298 thousand, a decrease of 12.8% from RMB 3,186,993 thousand in 2020[7] - Operating profit margin decreased to 17.0% in 2021 from 22.3% in 2020[7] - Cash generated from operating activities was RMB 3,553,072 thousand, slightly up from RMB 3,509,672 thousand in 2020[9] - The company's revenue for the year was RMB 24,659,544,000, an increase of 18.0% compared to the previous year[32] - The gross profit for the year was RMB 7,259,549,000, which is a 4.2% increase from RMB 6,964,665,000 in 2020[45] - The operating profit decreased by 9.9% to RMB 4,198,280,000, down from RMB 4,659,112,000 in the previous year[45] - The total sales cost as a percentage of revenue increased to 70.6%, up 3.9 percentage points from 66.7% in the previous year[47] Production and Sales - The cement production volume reached 15 million tons, up 10% from the previous year[1] - Cement sales volume increased to 55,832 thousand tons in 2021, up from 51,250 thousand tons in 2020, representing a growth of 9.1%[10] - The average selling price of cement rose to RMB 362.0 per ton in 2021, compared to RMB 330.7 per ton in 2020, an increase of 9.5%[10] - The total sales of cement reached 55,832 thousand tons, representing an increase of 8.9% year-on-year[32] - High-grade cement sales reached 52,099 thousand tons, a year-on-year increase of 14.8%, while low-grade cement sales dropped to 3,733 thousand tons, a decrease of 36.4%[41] - The sales volume of concrete increased by 26.4% to 3,553 thousand cubic meters[37] - The average selling price of concrete decreased by 6.0% to RMB 427.2 per cubic meter[37] Market Expansion and Strategy - The company plans to expand its market presence in the northeastern region of China, targeting a 25% market share by 2025[1] - New product lines, including eco-friendly cement, are expected to contribute an additional RMB 500 million in revenue in the next fiscal year[1] - A strategic partnership with local construction firms is anticipated to enhance project delivery efficiency by 30%[1] - The company aims to achieve a 10% reduction in production costs through operational efficiencies by the end of 2022[1] - Plans for potential acquisitions in the Shandong region are under consideration to bolster market position[1] - The management has provided a revenue guidance of RMB 12 billion for the next fiscal year, reflecting a growth target of 14%[1] Financial Position and Assets - Total assets increased to RMB 28,963,687 thousand in 2021, up from RMB 27,677,443 thousand in 2020[8] - The debt-to-equity ratio improved to 5.6% in 2021 from 13.9% in 2020, indicating a stronger financial position[8] - The group's total liabilities decreased by 13.4% to RMB 10,209,805,000 from RMB 11,795,426,000 in the previous year[53] - The net capital debt ratio improved to 5.6%, a decrease of 8.3 percentage points compared to 13.9% in 2020[53] - The cash and cash equivalents balance at the end of the year was RMB 1,423,171,000, reflecting a net change of RMB 16,028,000[58] Operational Capacity - As of December 31, 2021, the total cement production capacity of the group is 94,790 thousand tons, and the total clinker production capacity is 50,472 thousand tons[15] - The Shandong region has the highest cement capacity at 51,470 thousand tons and clinker capacity at 25,928 thousand tons[15] - The Northeast operational area has a cement capacity of 27,250 thousand tons and clinker capacity of 14,304 thousand tons[15] - The group operates multiple production facilities across Shandong, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Xinjiang regions[16] Research and Development - The company has allocated RMB 300 million for research and development of new technologies in cement production[1] - The group continues to explore new technologies and products to enhance its competitive edge in the cement industry[20] - The company is committed to developing new technologies and products to improve its competitive edge in the cement industry[27] Environmental and Regulatory Considerations - The implementation of "dual carbon" policies is anticipated to significantly impact the cement industry, promoting low-carbon development and industry upgrades[72] - The company plans to enhance its carbon reduction technology investments and participate actively in the carbon trading market[72] - The company aims to implement technology upgrades to improve energy efficiency and reduce emissions, aligning with the industry's dual carbon goals[78] Corporate Governance - The company has adopted the corporate governance code principles and has committed to maintaining high standards of corporate governance[150] - The board of directors consists of 3 executive directors and 3 independent non-executive directors, ensuring a balanced and independent governance structure[155] - The company has established a code of conduct for directors regarding securities trading, which all directors confirmed compliance with during the reporting period[153] - The Audit Committee consists of three independent non-executive directors, ensuring oversight of the company's financial reporting and risk management processes[167] Legal and Compliance Issues - The company is currently involved in significant litigation in the Cayman Islands, with a petition for liquidation filed by shareholder Tianrui International[191] - The company is actively defending against claims related to the cancellation of certain convertible bonds issued in 2018[193] - The ongoing litigation is expected to impact the company's operations and financial performance, although specific financial implications are not detailed in the provided documents[198]
山水水泥(00691) - 2021 - 中期财报
2021-09-03 09:42
SUNNSY CHINA SHANSHUI CEMENT GROUP LIMITED 中國山 水 水 泥 集 團 有 限 公 司 (於開曼群島註冊成立的有限公司) 股份代號:691 2021 中期報告 211 目 錄 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |---------------|-------|-------|-------------------------------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------| | (I) | | | 釋義 . ...