UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 Title of Each Class Trading Symbol Name of Each Exchange On Which Registered Class A Ordinary shares, par value US$0.005 per share SNTG The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC FORM 20-F ☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 OR ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 OR ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT T ...

Group 1 - Sentage (NASDAQ:SNTG) stock is experiencing a significant increase of 85.5% despite no new press releases or analyst coverage [1][2] - The trading volume for SNTG has surpassed 4 million shares, significantly higher than its daily average of approximately 840,000 shares [1] - SNTG is classified as a penny stock, with a low trading price of $2.13 per share and a market capitalization of $5.975 million [1][2] Group 2 - The penny stock status of SNTG exposes it to higher volatility, particularly outside of normal trading hours [2] - There is a concern that the current rally may lead to a quick decline in stock price once investor interest wanes, potentially leaving some investors at a loss [2]

Executive Summary: Financial Highlights [Overall Financial Performance](index=1&type=section&id=Overall%20Financial%20Performance) Sentage Holdings Inc. experienced a significant decline in operating revenue and an increase in net loss for the first six months of fiscal year 2023, primarily due to the decline of existing businesses Overall Financial Performance Summary | Metric | Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 (USD) | Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 (USD) | Change (%) | | :----------------------------- | :----------------------------- | :----------------------------- | :--------- | | Total Operating Revenue | $82 | $0.18 million | -100% | | Net Loss | $1.08 million | $0.96 million | +12.5% | | Basic and Diluted Loss Per Share | $0.46 | $0.41 | +12.2% | - The **100% decrease in total operating revenue** was attributed to the decline of the Company's existing business while it attempted to enter new businesses[2](index=2&type=chunk)[3](index=3&type=chunk) Company Information [Business Overview](index=1&type=section&id=Business%20Description) Sentage Holdings Inc. is a Cayman Islands holding company that operates through China-based entities, providing consumer loan repayment and collection management, loan recommendation, and prepaid payment network services in China - Sentage Holdings Inc. is a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands with no material operations of its own, conducting business through China-based operating entities[1](index=1&type=chunk)[11](index=11&type=chunk) - The Company offers consumer loan repayment and collection management, loan recommendation, and prepaid payment network services in China[1](index=1&type=chunk)[11](index=11&type=chunk) [Forward-Looking Statements](index=3&type=section&id=Forward-Looking%20Statement) The report includes forward-looking statements that involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, cautioning investors that actual results may differ materially from anticipated outcomes - Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and projections, involving known and unknown risks and uncertainties[12](index=12&type=chunk) - The Company cautions investors that actual results may differ materially from anticipated results and encourages review of risk factors[12](index=12&type=chunk) Analysis of Operations (Income Statement) [Operating Revenue](index=1&type=section&id=Operating%20Revenue) Total operating revenue for the first six months of fiscal year 2023 saw a complete decline, primarily due to the cessation of revenue from prepaid payment network services and no revenue generation from loan-related services Total Operating Revenue Summary | Metric | Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 (USD) | Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 (USD) | Change (USD) | Change (%) | | :-------------------- | :----------------------------- | :----------------------------- | :--------- | :--------- | | Total Operating Revenue | $82 | $0.18 million | -$180,000 | -100% | - The decrease in revenue was attributed to the decline of the company's original business as it attempted to enter new businesses[3](index=3&type=chunk) [Prepaid Payment Network Services Revenue](index=2&type=section&id=Prepaid%20payment%20network%20services%20business%20revenue) Revenue from prepaid payment network services decreased by 100% due to a significant reduction in merchant customers, with no prepaid cards issued to end customers Prepaid Payment Network Services Revenue Summary | Metric | Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 (USD) | Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 (USD) | Change (USD) | Change (%) | | :-------------------------------- | :----------------------------- | :----------------------------- | :--------- | :--------- | | Prepaid Payment Network Services Revenue | $82 | $0.18 million | -$180,000 | -100% | Number of Merchant Customers | Metric | Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 (Number) | Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 (Number) | | :----------------------- | :----------------------------- | :----------------------------- | | Number of Merchant Customers | 1 | 8 | - The Company provided technology consulting and support services to merchant customers, but these customers had not yet issued prepaid cards to their end customers[4](index=4&type=chunk) [Consumer Loan and Loan Recommendation Services Revenue](index=2&type=section&id=Consumer%20loan%20repayment%20and%20collection%20management%2C%20or%20loan%20recommendation%20services%20revenue) The Company did not generate any revenue from consumer loan repayment and collection management or loan recommendation services during the reported periods - No revenue was generated from consumer loan repayment and collection management, or loan recommendation services, in the six months ended June 30, 2023, or 2022[5](index=5&type=chunk) [Operating Expenses](index=2&type=section&id=Operating%20Expenses) Total operating expenses decreased slightly, primarily driven by a significant reduction in professional consulting expenses Total Operating Expenses Summary | Metric | Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 (USD) | Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 (USD) | Change (USD) | Change (%) | | :--------------------- | :----------------------------- | :----------------------------- | :--------- | :--------- | | Total Operating Expenses | $1,080,345 | $1,133,062 | -$52,717 | -4.65% | [Selling, General and Administrative Expenses](index=2&type=section&id=Selling%2C%20general%20and%20administrative%20expenses) Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by 5%, mainly due to a 42% reduction in professional consulting expenses Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Summary | Metric | Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 (USD) | Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 (USD) | Change (USD) | Change (%) | | :-------------------------------- | :----------------------------- | :----------------------------- | :--------- | :--------- | | Selling, General and Administrative Expenses | $1,080,345 | $1,133,062 | -$52,717 | -5% | | Professionals Consulting Expenses | $226,500 | $393,500 | -$167,000 | -42% | - The decrease in professional consulting expenses was primarily due to the Company paying a smaller amount for consulting services to third-party professionals[6](index=6&type=chunk) [Net Loss and Loss Per Share](index=2&type=section&id=Net%20Loss) The Company's net loss increased by 12.5% year-over-year, resulting in a higher loss per share for the first half of fiscal year 2023 Net Loss and Loss Per Share Summary | Metric | Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 (USD) | Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 (USD) | Change (USD) | Change (%) | | :----------------------------- | :----------------------------- | :----------------------------- | :--------- | :--------- | | Net Loss | $1.08 million | $0.96 million | +$120,000 | +12.5% | | Basic and Diluted Loss Per Share | $0.46 | $0.41 | +$0.05 | +12.2% | [Provision for Income Taxes](index=2&type=section&id=Provision%20for%20Income%20Taxes) The Company reported no provision for income taxes for both periods, indicating no taxable income Provision for Income Taxes Summary | Metric | Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 (USD) | Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 (USD) | | :------------------------- | :----------------------------- | :----------------------------- | | Provision for Income Taxes | Nil | Nil | Financial Position (Balance Sheet) [Assets](index=3&type=section&id=Assets) Total assets decreased by approximately 8.8% from December 31, 2022, primarily driven by a reduction in cash and restricted cash Assets Summary | Asset Category | As of June 30, 2023 (USD) | As of December 31, 2022 (USD) | Change (USD) | Change (%) | | :----------------------------- | :------------------------ | :-------------------------- | :--------- | :--------- | | Cash | $2,724,245 | $3,805,135 | -$1,080,890 | -28.39% | | Restricted Cash | $19,850 | $23,089 | -$3,239 | -14.03% | | Loan Receivable | $5,500,000 | $5,500,000 | $0 | 0% | | Total Current Assets | $13,097,850 | $14,341,380 | -$1,243,530 | -8.67% | | Total Assets | $13,364,801 | $14,658,834 | -$1,294,033 | -8.83% | [Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity](index=5&type=section&id=LIABILITIES%20AND%20STOCKHOLDERS'%20EQUITY) Total liabilities decreased significantly by approximately 32% from December 31, 2022, while total shareholders' equity also saw a decline Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity Summary | Category | As of June 30, 2023 (USD) | As of December 31, 2022 (USD) | Change (USD) | Change (%) | | :----------------------------- | :------------------------ | :-------------------------- | :--------- | :--------- | | Total Current Liabilities | $304,921 | $404,777 | -$99,856 | -24.67% | | Total Non-Current Liabilities | $23,858 | $79,093 | -$55,235 | -69.83% | | Total Liabilities | $328,779 | $483,870 | -$155,091 | -32.05% | | Total Shareholders' Equity | $13,036,022 | $14,174,964 | -$1,138,942 | -8.03% | - The decrease in non-current liabilities was partly due to the repayment of related party loans[14](index=14&type=chunk)[16](index=16&type=chunk) Cash Flow Analysis [Cash Flows from Operating Activities](index=2&type=section&id=Cash%20flows%20from%20operating%20activities) Net cash used in operating activities decreased by approximately 38.6% year-over-year, indicating a reduced cash outflow from core operations Cash Flows from Operating Activities Summary | Metric | Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 (USD) | Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 (USD) | Change (USD) | Change (%) | | :-------------------------------- | :----------------------------- | :----------------------------- | :--------- | :--------- | | Net Cash Used in Operating Activities | $1.04 million | $1.70 million | -$660,000 | -38.82% | [Cash Flows from Investing Activities](index=2&type=section&id=Cash%20flows%20from%20investing%20activity) Net cash used in investing activities significantly decreased, reflecting minimal capital expenditures Cash Flows from Investing Activities Summary | Metric | Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 (USD) | Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 (USD) | Change (USD) | Change (%) | | :-------------------------------- | :----------------------------- | :----------------------------- | :--------- | :--------- | | Net Cash Used in Investing Activities | $537 | $7,874 | -$7,337 | -93.18% | [Cash Flows from Financing Activities](index=2&type=section&id=Cash%20flows%20from%20financing%20activity) Net cash used in financing activities decreased substantially, primarily due to a lower repayment amount for related party loans Cash Flows from Financing Activities Summary | Metric | Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 (USD) | Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 (USD) | Change (USD) | Change (%) | | :-------------------------------- | :----------------------------- | :----------------------------- | :--------- | :--------- | | Net Cash Used in Financing Activities | $4,709 | $0.04 million | -$35,291 | -88.23% | - The primary financing activity was the repayment of related party loans[16](index=16&type=chunk) Additional Information [Contact Details](index=3&type=section&id=Contact%20Information) Contact information for Sentage Holdings Inc. Investor Relations Department and Ascent Investor Relations LLC is provided for inquiries - Sentage Holdings Inc. Investor Relations Department can be reached via email at ir@sentageholdings.com[13](index=13&type=chunk) - Ascent Investor Relations LLC, with Tina Xiao as President, can be contacted at **+1 917-609-0333** or tina.xiao@ascent-ir.com[13](index=13&type=chunk)

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM 20-F ☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 OR ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 OR ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to . OR ☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SE ...