全球约4.5万家上市公司，中美制造产业的差距是怎样？

Core Insights - The report from Tsinghua University reveals that while China holds the second-largest market capitalization globally at $15.8 trillion, it faces significant structural challenges in industrial strength compared to the U.S. [2] - The disparity between the scale and quality of Chinese companies is highlighted, with Chinese firms excelling in revenue but lagging in profitability and leadership in key sectors [5][9]. Group 1: Market Overview - China has 6,837 listed companies with a total market capitalization of $15.8 trillion, while the U.S. has 4,453 companies valued at $44.67 trillion [3]. - In terms of revenue, Chinese companies generated $1.33 trillion, compared to $2.14 trillion from U.S. firms, indicating a revenue-to-market cap ratio of 23.1% for China versus 48.0% for the U.S. [3][10]. Group 2: Sector Performance - In the materials sector, Chinese companies generated 14,305 million USD in revenue, surpassing U.S. firms by 114%, but the number of leading companies is only 39% of the U.S. total [2][6]. - The information technology sector shows a stark contrast, with 1,179 Chinese firms earning a total profit of $53.1 billion, significantly lower than the $240.5 billion profit from 508 U.S. firms [2][4]. Group 3: Competitive Landscape - China leads in 16 out of 23 industrial sectors, including renewable energy, but the average market capitalization of Chinese leading firms is only 54% of their U.S. counterparts [5][11]. - The healthcare sector is particularly concerning, with U.S. companies holding 54% of global market capitalization and 64% of revenue, while China has only two non-leading firms in nine sub-sectors [5][12]. Group 4: Innovation and Structural Challenges - The report emphasizes the need for China to redefine its industrial competition, as current investments in foundational research remain low at 6% [11]. - The existing classification system for industries hampers the valuation of emerging sectors in China, leading to a significant undervaluation compared to U.S. firms [9][10]. Group 5: Future Outlook - The report predicts that achieving a 70% localization rate in strategic sectors like semiconductors and biomedicine could enhance China's industrial strength coefficient by 75% by 2035 [13]. - The ongoing industrial revolution in China is seen as crucial for reshaping global industrial dynamics, with potential breakthroughs in various sectors [12][13].