哈尔滨自然资源综合调查中心围绕东北黑土区侵蚀沟开展调查研究，并提出针对性治理修复方案——为黑土地疗伤

Core Viewpoint - The 2025 Central Document No. 1 emphasizes the need to strengthen the management of erosion gullies in the Northeast black soil region and the governance of acidic and degraded farmland in the South, highlighting the issue of erosion gullies as a significant concern for ecological degradation in black soil areas [2][4]. Group 1: Erosion Gully Impact - Erosion gullies have led to soil loss, land degradation, and ecological damage in black soil areas, with a total of 666,700 gullies identified in the Northeast black soil region, including 393,600 main gullies and 273,100 tributary gullies [4]. - The total length of these gullies is 232,400 kilometers, covering an area of 4,029.57 square kilometers, with nearly 90% classified as developing erosion gullies [4]. - Erosion gullies directly affect 4.17 million acres of cultivated land, with the number, length, and area of gullies on cultivated land accounting for 74.22%, 70.74%, and 69.11% of the total erosion gullies in the Northeast black soil region, respectively [4]. Group 2: Research and Investigation - Since 2021, the Harbin Center's ecological geological survey team has focused on studying the formation mechanisms, influencing factors, and governance solutions for erosion gullies in typical areas, utilizing various projects in the region [6]. - The team has adopted a comprehensive approach to gather data on erosion gullies, including field visits, on-site investigations, and remote sensing monitoring, covering areas in Heilongjiang Province [7]. - The investigation has revealed that the majority of erosion gullies are formed by hydraulic, wind, freeze-thaw, and gravitational forces, with complex causes related to natural and human factors [9]. Group 3: Governance and Restoration Strategies - The team has proposed multiple restoration and governance models for erosion gullies, including source erosion prevention, slope farmland management, and comprehensive governance at the small watershed level [10]. - Specific strategies include transforming slope farmland to reduce runoff and enhance infiltration, as well as implementing comprehensive restoration models that involve reforestation and land management [10]. - Some proposed solutions have already been applied in high-standard farmland construction in Heihe City, showing significant effectiveness [10].