正海生物2024年报：业绩“双降”寒冬下，新产品能否成破局“利刃”

Core Viewpoint - Zhenghai Biological's 2024 annual report reveals significant challenges, with a notable decline in both revenue and profit due to centralized procurement policies impacting key products [1][2]. Financial Performance - The company achieved an annual revenue of 363 million yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 12.19% [1]. - The net profit attributable to shareholders was 135 million yuan, down 29.49% year-on-year [1]. - The net profit after deducting non-recurring items was 113 million yuan, with a decline of 32.59%, marking the largest drop in five years [1]. - Quarterly performance showed a 17.83% decline in Q1 revenue, a reduced decline of 6.1% in Q2, and overall improvement in the second half, but not enough to reverse the annual downturn [1]. Impact of Centralized Procurement Policy - Centralized procurement policies have significantly affected the company's core products: oral repair membranes (48.3% of revenue) and absorbable dura mater patches (35.2% of revenue) [1]. - The price drop for dura mater patches reached 83.46% due to a six-province alliance, severely impacting revenue [1]. - The oral repair membrane's gross margin decreased by 2.73 percentage points, contributing to the decline in net profit [1][2]. Cost Control and Profitability - Despite revenue pressures, the company maintained a gross margin above 86%, with a slight year-on-year decrease of 3.96 percentage points [2]. - The net profit margin was 43.45%, still above the industry average, despite an 11.2% year-on-year decline [2]. - The company successfully mitigated some impacts of price reductions through supply chain optimization, showcasing strong cost control capabilities [2][4]. Cash Flow and Shareholder Returns - Operating cash flow net amount decreased by 7.77% year-on-year but remained positive, supporting dividend payments [2]. - Cumulative dividends since the company's listing reached 536 million yuan, with a dividend financing ratio of 2.29, indicating a strong commitment to shareholder returns [2]. Innovation and New Product Development - The company has been overly reliant on traditional products, with R&D expenses not significantly increasing as a percentage of revenue [3]. - New products like "Haiyu" active biological bone, which is the first domestic bone filling material containing rhBMP-2, represent a key opportunity for growth [3][4]. - The successful launch of "Haiyu" and ongoing projects like calcium silicate biological ceramic bone repair materials and breast patches could provide new revenue streams [3][4]. Strategic Adjustments - The company is adjusting its market strategy in response to centralized procurement pressures, including optimizing the supply chain and reducing sales expenses [4]. - The potential expansion of centralized procurement for oral repair membranes and dura mater patches in 2025 indicates ongoing pricing pressures [5]. - Despite a stock price decline of over 50% since 2023, the company announced a share buyback plan of 25 to 50 million yuan, reflecting management's confidence in long-term value [5].