探索设立民营企业政策观察员制度，加快落实“负面清单”制度

Core Viewpoint - The current stage of high-quality development in China emphasizes the importance of private capital as a core driver of market vitality, with its investment willingness directly impacting economic stability and growth [1][4]. Group 1: Investment Environment - The ongoing "streamlining administration and delegating power" reforms have faced challenges, including abrupt policy changes and hidden barriers that hinder private enterprise investment [1][2]. - The 2022 version of the "Negative List for Market Access" has been reduced to 117 items, yet private enterprises still face entry barriers in sectors like energy, communications, and finance, with actual entry rates below 30% [1]. - A survey indicates that 32% of private enterprises have encountered market access barriers, particularly in sectors with high hidden costs for qualification approvals [1]. Group 2: Financial and Operational Challenges - Private enterprises are currently under pressure from financing, costs, and transformation, with average loan rates for small and micro enterprises being 1.5-2 percentage points higher than state-owned enterprises [1][6]. - The social security contributions for manufacturing enterprises exceed 20% of profits, and the costs associated with digital transformation are rising [1][6]. Group 3: Policy Recommendations - To stabilize the economy and support private enterprises, a combination of policy tools and long-term mechanisms is recommended, including targeted monetary policy adjustments and the establishment of a national private enterprise development fund [6][7]. - Suggestions include enhancing tax incentives, increasing the R&D expense deduction rate to 150%, and promoting a "technology commissioner" system to support innovation [6][7]. Group 4: Legal and Competitive Environment - Establishing a fair competitive market environment is crucial, with recommendations to eliminate hidden barriers and ensure equal treatment for all types of enterprises [5][8]. - The construction of a unified national market and the promotion of competitive allocation mechanisms in public services and infrastructure are essential for breaking regional monopolies [5][8]. Group 5: Trust and Communication - Building a "clear and friendly" government-business relationship is vital, with a focus on establishing a negative list for government-business interactions to clarify roles and responsibilities [8]. - Strengthening the legal framework and improving public perception of private enterprises are necessary to foster a supportive environment for business development [8].