田里没鸡跑，还是农村吗？

Core Insights - The article highlights the conflict between agricultural modernization policies and traditional farming practices, particularly focusing on the challenges faced by free-range poultry farming in rural areas [2][3][11] Group 1: Economic Resilience and Traditional Practices - Free-range chickens are known for their firm meat, rich flavor, and high nutritional value, contributing to a micro-circulation system in rural areas where chickens control pests and provide organic fertilizer, reducing pesticide costs by approximately 200 yuan per acre [1] - Farmers can earn between 80 to 150 yuan per chicken sold, creating a resilient economic model that is deeply rooted in local traditions [1] Group 2: Policy Conflicts and Agricultural Practices - The push for agricultural modernization through land consolidation and large-scale farming has led to conflicts with local practices, as seen in Y Village where land was consolidated for pepper cultivation, forcing villagers to abandon free-range poultry [2][3] - The forced confinement of poultry in D Village, aimed at improving living conditions, resulted in a 37% increase in pesticide expenses due to heightened pest issues, contradicting the intended ecological benefits of free-range farming [2] Group 3: Land Transfer and Livelihood Security - Land transfer policies, while addressing issues of abandoned land, have increased the vulnerability of small farmers by disrupting their traditional production methods [3] - In Y Village, the rental income from land transfer (300 yuan per acre per year) does not compensate for the income lost from free-range chickens, which can yield up to 240 yuan per chicken [3] Group 4: Governance and Community Autonomy - The top-down assessment systems limit grassroots negotiation, leading to conflicts between local governance and agricultural practices, as seen in D Village where local rules for free-range farming were rejected due to higher-level health standards [6] - Community empowerment mechanisms in S Village have allowed for the revision of free-range regulations, ensuring sustainable practices while respecting local farming habits [9][10] Group 5: Balancing Efficiency and Fairness - The article discusses the need for a balance between efficiency-driven agricultural policies and the protective functions of small-scale farming, emphasizing the importance of recognizing local knowledge in governance [7][11] - Innovative practices, such as the establishment of flexible buffer zones for free-range farming and ecological service payment systems, are suggested as potential solutions to reconcile modern agricultural demands with traditional practices [8][9]