Qian Zhan Wang·2025-04-28 10:27Industry Overview - The machine dog industry can be divided into upstream core components and software system development, midstream manufacturing of machine dogs, and downstream personal consumers and various application scenario commercial users [1] - The industry chain involves high-tech fields such as communication and artificial intelligence, with high technical barriers at each link [1] Upstream Components - Upstream components include sensors, reducers, motors, controllers, and joint actuators, as well as software and technologies like SLAM, machine vision, voice interaction, and operating systems [1] - The most commonly used reducers in machine dogs are harmonic reducers and planetary gear reducers, with planetary reducers being the preferred choice due to their compact structure, high reduction ratio, high torque transmission efficiency, and reliability [3][5] Midstream Manufacturing - Midstream manufacturing of machine dogs is categorized into military-grade, industrial-grade, and consumer-grade robots [1] Downstream Applications - Downstream applications include education, healthcare, security, reconnaissance, firefighting, and personal consumers [1] Sensor Technology - Environmental perception is crucial for machine dogs to achieve autonomy and adapt to complex environments, with multi-sensor fusion technology becoming an important trend [5][6] - Machine dogs require high perception capabilities, covering visual, tactile, auditory, and force perception [6] Sensor Types - Visual sensors utilize camera hardware and algorithms for environmental perception, with various types including structured light, ToF, and laser scanning [8] - LiDAR provides precise distance measurement and is effective in low-light or adverse weather conditions, making it essential for obstacle avoidance [8][9] - Ultrasonic sensors are cost-effective for long-distance obstacle detection but have limitations in detecting small or sound-absorbing objects [8] - Infrared sensors are compact and low-cost but can be affected by environmental light conditions [8] - Auditory sensors simulate human hearing for sound signal recognition [8] - Force/torque sensors monitor contact forces and joint stresses for dynamic balance and movement efficiency [8] - Inertial sensors (IMU) track the position and motion trajectory of machine dogs [8] Perception Technology Routes - The perception technology routes for machine dogs are divided into pure visual perception and LiDAR-based perception, with each having its advantages and disadvantages [11] - Multi-sensor fusion is a significant trend in sensor design for machine dogs to meet various downstream application needs, with high-end products using LiDAR and cost-effective products using ToF and cameras [12]