以变应变：应对“对等关税”影响的思路与对策

Core Viewpoint - The "reciprocal tariff" policy of the Trump administration poses significant risks to global trade and supply chains, particularly affecting Jiangsu's economy, which will face both short-term pressures and long-term structural adjustments [1] Short-term Impacts - Jiangsu's exports to the U.S. are expected to decline due to increased tariffs, leading companies to shift orders to emerging markets like Europe and South America [2] - The impact of tariffs on export companies varies based on price elasticity; companies with inelastic demand may pass costs to U.S. consumers, while those with elastic demand may exit the market or absorb costs [2] - The strict origin inspection policies in the U.S. complicate re-export trade through countries like Cambodia and Vietnam, limiting options for Jiangsu companies [2] - Tariffs will increase the cost of imported raw materials and components, reducing market competitiveness and demand for Jiangsu enterprises [2][3] - Fluctuations in the RMB exchange rate due to tariffs will significantly affect small and medium-sized enterprises engaged in exports, leading to profit reductions and increased operational risks [3] - The inconsistency of U.S. tariff policies creates uncertainty, hindering investment decisions and operational activities of companies [3] Long-term Impacts - The "reciprocal tariff" policy may drive Jiangsu's economic transformation by pushing companies to enhance product value to offset rising tariffs [4] - Jiangsu enterprises are encouraged to diversify markets and explore non-U.S. markets, with exports to Belt and Road countries projected to grow significantly [5] - Government policy adjustments, including tariff reductions in key sectors, will support enterprise transformation and attract foreign investment [5] - Companies are increasingly localizing supply chains and establishing production bases in non-U.S. countries to mitigate tariff impacts [5] - The integration of domestic and foreign trade is accelerating, with initiatives to promote "export to domestic sales" models [6] Recommendations for Jiangsu - The government should innovate policies to support exports and establish a responsive mechanism for tariff impacts [7] - Companies should focus on enhancing competitiveness through technological advancements and transitioning to high-end production [8] - Jiangsu should continue to develop diverse market strategies to mitigate external risks, particularly in Belt and Road countries [9] - Financial innovations should be implemented to help enterprises manage operational risks, including currency hedging and supply chain financing [10] - Regional collaboration should be enhanced to improve overall resilience against risks, focusing on key industries like semiconductor and biomedicine [11] - A dynamic risk prevention system should be established to monitor tariff changes and support enterprises in adapting to new trade environments [12]