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Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the harmful effects of betel nut (槟榔), highlighting its addictive properties and severe health risks, including cancer, while emphasizing the societal tendency to overlook these dangers despite the evident consequences [64][41][42]. Group 1: Health Risks - Betel nut is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the World Health Organization, with 100% evidence of its carcinogenic potential [41][42]. - Long-term consumption of betel nut can lead to oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), which causes severe oral pain and dysfunction, ultimately leading to difficulties in speaking and swallowing [27][28][29]. - The incidence of oral cancer in regions like Hunan is significantly higher, with rates soaring to 6-8 per 100,000, particularly among betel nut chewers [64]. Group 2: Addiction Mechanism - Betel nut contains arecoline, which acts on the nervous system, increasing dopamine release and leading to addiction [32][33]. - The withdrawal from betel nut can cause feelings of emptiness and irritability, prompting users to consume more [33][34]. - The combination of betel nut with alcohol and tobacco enhances its addictive properties, further complicating cessation efforts [37][38]. Group 3: Societal Impact - Despite the known health risks, betel nut continues to be marketed and consumed widely, with media promoting its use [56][58]. - The article criticizes the deceptive marketing practices that downplay the dangers of betel nut, which contribute to public health issues [64]. - The long-term consequences of betel nut consumption include not only cancer but also significant disfigurement and loss of oral function, affecting quality of life [64].