美国“制造业回流梦”：理想很丰满，现实很骨感！

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. aims to reduce dependence on China for manufacturing, but significant challenges exist in infrastructure, supply chain, and labor market that hinder this goal [1][4]. Infrastructure Challenges - Much of the U.S. electrical grid was built in the 1960s and 1970s, leading to delays in factory operations due to connection issues [1]. - One-third of U.S. bridges require renovation, which impacts transportation efficiency compared to East Asia [1]. Supply Chain Issues - U.S. manufacturers face critical shortages of key components, making it difficult to establish a fully domestic supply chain [2]. - Companies like Decked and Haas Automation illustrate the reliance on Chinese imports for essential parts, highlighting the inadequacy of U.S. suppliers [2]. Labor Market Constraints - The average wage for U.S. manufacturing workers is nearly six times that of Vietnamese workers, yet this does not attract enough domestic labor [3]. - A significant portion (20%) of U.S. factories report labor shortages, which leads to underutilization of production capacity [3]. Alternative Dependencies - If the U.S. reduces reliance on China, it may turn to Mexico, Southeast Asia, or India, which have their own advantages and challenges [4]. - The notion of a "manufacturing return dream" in the U.S. is undermined by outdated infrastructure and high labor costs, making it difficult to compete globally [4].