“制造业回流美国”的典型失败案例：富士康投资威斯康星面板项目

Core Viewpoint - The failure of the Foxconn project in Wisconsin highlights the challenges of reviving American manufacturing, demonstrating that relying solely on policy incentives and subsidies is insufficient for successful manufacturing repatriation [2][6][7]. Group 1: Project Overview - In July 2017, Foxconn announced a $10 billion investment to build a 10.5-generation LCD panel factory in Wisconsin, promising to create 13,000 direct jobs and many more indirect jobs [3]. - The state of Wisconsin committed $4 billion in subsidies, including $2.85 billion in tax breaks and $764 million for infrastructure [3]. - The project was initially celebrated by former President Trump as a significant achievement, referring to it as the "eighth wonder of the world" [3]. Group 2: Investment and Employment Decline - By 2019, Foxconn had only achieved 22% of its hiring goals, leading to the state rejecting tax subsidy applications twice, forcing Foxconn to adjust its investment plans [4]. - In 2021, Foxconn reduced its investment to $1.576 billion, only 15.76% of the original plan, and employment was cut to 1,454 positions, with tax incentives reduced to $80 million [4]. - By 2024, actual funds invested were only $672 million, indicating a significant shortfall from initial commitments [5]. Group 3: Reasons for Failure - The project's failure stemmed from multiple factors, including supply chain issues, high labor costs, political changes, and technological advancements [6][7]. - Wisconsin lacked a foundational panel industry, requiring Foxconn to import 80% of raw materials, which increased logistics and tariff costs [7]. - Labor costs in the U.S. were significantly higher, with hourly wages at $37 compared to $12 in Vietnam, and a shortage of skilled workers hindered recruitment [7]. - Political instability, including changes in state leadership and the loss of Trump's support, diminished the project's viability [7]. - The shift in the panel industry towards OLED technology rendered the 10.5-generation line less relevant, further questioning the project's commercial necessity [7].